Smartphone‐Based Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients Utilizing Enhanced Chemiluminescence Imaging Technique

Abstract

The development of a facile and sensitive technique for glucose detection is crucial for the early diagnosis of diabetes. The current study aims for a simple, rapid, and smartphone‐based enhanced chemiluminescence technique for sensitively detecting glucose in human urine. In this work, we have synthesized 1,3‐propane dithiol cross‐linked gold nanoparticles (GNPs‐PDT) via a simple reduction method. Further, it was characterized by UV‐VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized GNPs‐PDT was found to possess oxidase mimetic activity and generate superoxide radicals from dissolved oxygen, which causes the oxidation of luminol to give a strong and stable chemiluminescence (CL) signal. On the introduction of glucose into the reaction system, a CL quenching phenomenon was observed owing to the tendency of superoxide radicals to oxidize glucose into gluconic acid. Employing the quenching effect of glucose on the eCL signals, a sensor has been designed for glucose detection in human urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method works in a dynamic range from 0.25 mM to 2 mM (R2=0.98) with a detection limit of 0.36 mM. In addition, we have proposed a simple and portable smartphone‐based imaging technique analyzed by Image J software for eCL‐based glucose sensing. The developed proof of concept provided good correlations of glucose detection in diabetic patients.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.