Zum Wachsthum und zur Nomenclatur der Blutgefässgeschwülste

Double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in preoperative Borrmann classification of advanced gastric carcinoma: comparison with histopathology

“…The cine loops of DCEUS were reviewed by two radiologists (SL and PH, with 12 and 17 years of experience, respectively) in consensus without knowledge of the definitive diagnosis and other imaging information at the time of the analysis. Advanced carcinomas of the stomach were classified according to the Borrmann system, into four macroscopic tumor growth patterns types 1 ( Figure 2 ): Borrmann type I, nodular polypoid tumor without ulceration and usually with a broad base ( Figure 3 ); type II, tumor is an ulcerative lesion but elevated and distinct borders( Figure 4 ); type III, an ulcerating tumor with a penetrating, infiltrating ulcer base ( Figure 5 ); type IV, a diffuse thickening of the gastric wall, without a discretely marginated mass or ulceration ( Figure 6 ).…”

“…Immediately after surgery, the gastrectomy specimens were transferred to the department of pathology. The macroscopic types of the surgical specimens were classified according to Borrmann criteria 1 by the pathologist (SW, with 6 years of experience), who was unaware of the ultrasound findings.…”

“…The classification of advanced gastric cancer (AGC), one of the crucial factors of therapeutic strategy, proposed by Borrmann in 1926 according to the macroscopic aspect 1 , is still widely used by surgeons, pathologists and endoscopists around the world 2 . Many modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and endoscopy have been used for assessing the Borrmann classification of AGC.…”