Zoonotic Chlamydia caviae Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Zoonotic Chlamydia caviae Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…national surveillance system for psittacosis, in which samples identified as positive in a polymerase-chain-reaction assay are genotyped by sequencing a part of the gene that encodes the outer membrane protein A, ompA 5 (details are provided in Sections S2 and S3 in the Supplementary Appendix). In one patient, chlamydia seroconversion was detected by means of complement fixation, which revealed an increase in the antibody titer by a factor of 4 (see Section S3 in the Supplementary Appendix for details).…”

New evidence for domesticated animals as reservoirs of Chlamydia-associated community-acquired pneumonia

“…The most surprising of these cases was documented recently in The Netherlands [1]. In this report, three unrelated cases of human infection by Chlamydia caviae were reported in individuals experiencing severe atypical pneumonia following exposure to ill guinea pigs.…”

“…sputum, nasopharyngeal swab) from patients with suspected CAP, we recommend either (1) a sensitive quantitative PCR assay that targets several of the veterinary chlamydiae now described in association with community acquired CAP [9]; and/or (2) a PCR assay with a broader host range to detect existing but potentially undescribed Chlamydia-related bacteria [10e13]. Subsequent positive results can then undergo urgent molecular typing using established schemes [1,4,14] to not only confirm the suspected chlamydial species but also to direct further efforts to identify the potential animal infection reservoirs. In doing so, this two-step approach is anticipated to improve the overall surveillance of chlamydia-associated CAP while continuing to reveal new and fascinating examples of chlamydial zoonoses that are of concern to human and veterinary clinicians alike.…”

Current Research of Chlamydial Infection Diseases in China

“…[ 7 ] C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae are the two major species easily infected by humans, and others are zoonotic and always transmitted from animals to humans. [ 8 9 10 11 ] Table 1 lists the six kinds of most common Chlamydia species and related diseases. C. trachomatis have different serovars: A, B, Ba, and C lead to trachoma, D to K lead to genital tract Chlamydia infection, and L1–L3 lead to lymphogranuloma venereum.…”

“…C. trachomatis can also be transferred from cervix to amniotic cavity or via the placenta. [ 8 9 10 31 ]…”