NSDD patients have both structural and functional alterations of subbasal corneal nerves and these changes are related to the severity of dry eye.

The relationship between students' gender, personality traits, predicted first-year grades, and quality of effort put forth in academic and personal/social activities with academic achievement and critical thinking was examined for 265 first-year science and engineering undergraduates enrolled at a selective doctoral-extensive university. Results show that some personality traits influence the quality of effort expended with academic and personal/social activities as well as end-of-first-year grades and a measure of critical thinking.

The double-pass system allowed the monitoring of the dynamic changes of optical quality in patients with DED. Optical quality should be evaluated in patients with DED because these alterations cannot be determined from the classical DED clinical tests.