Zebrafish larvae as a toxicity model in plasma medicine

Abstract

Plasma technology has emerged as a promising tool in medicine that, however, requires not only efficacy but also toxicological assessments. Traditional cell culture systems are fast and economical, but they lack in vivo relevance; however, rodent models are highly complex and necessitate extended facilities. Zebrafish larvae bridge this gap, and many larvae can be analyzed in well plates in a single run, giving results in 1–2 days. Using the kINPen, we found plasma exposure to reduce hedging rates and viability in a dose‐dependent manner, accompanied with an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease of glutathione in plasma‐treated fish. Modest growth alterations were also observed. Altogether, zebrafish larvae constitute a fast, reliable, and relevant model for testing the toxicity of plasma sources.

Combined Toxicity of Gas Plasma Treatment and Nanoparticles Exposure in Melanoma Cells In Vitro

“…Untreated and argon (Ar) gas-treated PBS was used as negative controls. Quantification with amplex ultra red (ThermoFisher, Bremen, Germany) was done as described before [26].…”

Apoptosis-Sensing Xenograft Zebrafish Tumor Model for Anticancer Evaluation of Redox-Responsive Cross-Linked Pluronic Micelles

“…Then, the GSH generation of the B16F10 tumor in the zebrafish model was detected by a GSH tracer. , As shown in Figure B, the emission of a GSH tracer at 470 nm significantly increased under an excitation of 405 nm after GSH treatments. Then, the GSH generation in the B16F10 xenograft zebrafish tumor model was imaged by CLSM after GSH-tracer incubation for 30 min (Figure C–E).…”

“…When binding with GSH in the xenograft zebrafish tumor model, the excitation and emission wavelengths of the GSH tracer changed from E x / E m = 488/580 nm to E x / E m = 405/470 nm. Thus, the FI ratio of E m = 470 nm to E m = 580 nm correlated to the GSH concentration. , Briefly, the A/B wild-type zebrafish larvae with the B16F10 xenograft tumor at 3 dpi were incubated with a GSH tracer (2 μM, Tocris) for 30 min. Subsequently, zebrafish larvae were washed in the cultured medium and then observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) via 5× and 20× air objectives after anesthesia.…”

Gas Plasma-Augmented Wound Healing in Animal Models and Veterinary Medicine

“…Much has been learned on the efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of gas plasma treatment of wounds in rodent models, as outlined in the following sections. In this review, only studies on mammals that have received gas plasma treatment of the skin or skin wounds are included, since other model organisms, such as zebrafish, have only started to be investigated in the gas plasma medicine field [ 35 ].…”