Combining the emerged advanced technologies (such as cloud computing, ‘internet of thing’, virtualization, and service-oriented technologies, advanced computing technologies) with existing advanced manufacturing models and enterprise ‘informationization’ technologies, a new computing- and service-oriented manufacturing model, called cloud manufacturing (CMfg), is proposed. The concept, architecture, core enabling technologies, and typical characteristics of CMfg are discussed and investigated, as well as the differences and relationship between cloud computing and CMfg. Four typical CMfg service platforms, i.e. public, private, community, and hybrid CMfg service platforms, are introduced. The key advantages and challenges for implementing CMfg are analysed, as well as the key technologies and main research findings.

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As a new service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has experienced rapid development in the past five years. The research on its theories, key technologies, developments, and applications still keeps attracting attentions from more and more researchers. One of the most important issues to its improvements and quality of service (QoS) is the manufacturing service management (MSM). CMfg aims to realize the full-scale sharing, free circulation and transaction, and on-demand use of various manufacturing resource and capabilities in the form of manufacturing service. Without the effective operation and technical support of MSM, the implementation of CMfg and its aim cannot be achieved. It is therefore necessary to summarize the existing works and technologies on MSM in CMfg. This paper first provides a brief overview of CMfg and then focuses on the problem of MSM in CMfg from the service lifecycle perspective. The advances on MSM technology from eleven aspects are investigated and summarized. Finally, future research directions are identified and discussed. It is evident that the future MSM in CMfg is closely related to Internet of things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing.

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In order to realize the manufacturing resource sharing and optimal allocation, many advanced manufacturing modes and technologies have been proposed and researched, but few works have been emphasized on resource service and capability transaction and scheduling management. With these conditions, in this article, the concept of cloud manufacturing mode is first briefly introduced, and a general cloud manufacturing resource service scheduling model is established. Then, the comprehensive utility models, which consider energy consumption, cost, and risk for the three sides (i.e. provider, consumer, and operator), are established in the resource service scheduling process in cloud manufacturing system. Four kinds of resource service scheduling modes, which are provider centered, consumer centered, operator centered, and system centered, are studied. These modes are based on the utility models that are investigated, as well as the system-centered cooperative scheduling method that is designed with risk-sharing strategy. The experimental results show that the system-centered scheduling method has the highest potential for realizing the aim of cloud manufacturing, and the system-centered cooperative scheduling method is rational to obtain the higher maximal utilities of the whole system and the three key users at the same time. It promotes the higher efficiency and utility, a higher rate of sharing, green and on-demand use of decentralized manufacturing resources and capability services in cloud manufacturing systems.