Combined Toxicity of Gas Plasma Treatment and Nanoparticles Exposure in Melanoma Cells In Vitro

Abstract

Despite continuous advances in therapy, cancer remains a deadly disease. Over the past years, gas plasma technology emerged as a novel tool to target tumors, especially skin. Another promising anticancer approach are nanoparticles. Since combination therapies are becoming increasingly relevant in oncology, both gas plasma treatment and nanoparticle exposure were combined. A series of nanoparticles were investigated in parallel, namely, silica, silver, iron oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, and iron-doped titanium oxide. For gas plasma treatment, the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen was utilized. Using three melanoma cell lines, the two murine non-metastatic B16F0 and metastatic B16F10 cells and the human metastatic B-Raf mutant cell line SK-MEL-28, the combined cytotoxicity of both approaches was identified. The combined cytotoxicity of gas plasma treatment and nanoparticle exposure was consistent across all three cell lines for silica, silver, iron oxide, and cerium oxide. In contrast, for titanium oxide and iron-doped titanium oxide, significantly combined cytotoxicity was only observed in B16F10 cells.

Combined Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Curcumin in Melanoma Cancer

“…In the last few years, the combination therapy with CAP and other treatments has claimed that may promise cure of cancer [15,[29][30][31][32][38][39][40][41][42]. This study revealed that CAP had more cytotoxic effect on tumor cells and did not have a toxic effect on normal cells.…”

Cytoglobin inhibits non-thermal plasma-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells through regulation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response

“…Of those, RONS are hypothesized to mediate the effects observed in biological systems as they are known to be involved in rapid reactions with important biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [ 21 , 33 , 34 ]. In recent years, multiple studies have shown that plasma is able to effectively kill many types of cancer cells via different cell death mechanisms, including melanoma [ [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ]. NTP can exert its biomedical effects either by direct treatment of cancer cells or by indirect treatment, i.e., by applying NTP-treated solutions, rich in long-lived reactive species [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Combining Nanotechnology and Gas Plasma as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy: Mechanism and Therapeutic Implication

“…Similar results for melanoma were obtained when gas plasmas and NPs were used together. The increase of ROS/RNS resulting from the combination of different configurations of gas plasma with FAK antibody conjugated-AuNPs, silica, silver, iron oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, iron-doped titanium oxide NPs, and Anti-EGFR-AuNPs leads to a significant increase of early apoptosis and secondary necrosis, reduction in G2/M levels, increase in the sub-G1 fraction, FAS externalization, caspase-8 activation, increase of selective cancer cell death, inhibition the viability of cancer cells, and reduction of growth pattern [163][164][165][166][167].…”

“…Lung cancer [249] Silica, silver, iron oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, and irondoped titanium oxide NPs, and plasma jet (i) Reduction of growth pattern (ii) Increased cytotoxic effects (iii) ROS/RNS generation Melanoma [166] AuNPs and plasma jet (i) Increase of apoptotic cell death (ii) Induction of nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation…”