Zanzibar's endemic red colobus<i>Piliocolobus kirkii</i>: first systematic and total assessment of population, demography and distribution

Davenport, Tim R.B.; Fakih, Said A.; Kimiti, Sylvanos P.; Kleine, Lydia U.; Foley, Lara; Luca, Daniela W. De

doi:10.1017/s003060531700148x

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Updating the roadside signage more frequently with visually captivating images of colobus in their natural habitat may serve the dual purpose of both preventing driver habituation to these warning signs and attracting more tourists to the area by highlighting the ecotourism opportunity. Some colobus groups elsewhere on the island also inhabit areas where 300 roads intersect their home ranges (Fig 1 in Davenport et al 2019). Identifying roadkill hotspots outside the immediate area of Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park and carrying out road mitigation may provide additional benefits for slowing the decline of this primate throughout its range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine if colobus of different age-sex classes were equally like to die on the road as a result of vehicle collision or if some age-sex classes were at greater risk, we compared the representation of these classes in the roadkill dataset to that in a census of groups near the road. Data on group composition come from a detailed census conducted in the Jozani-Chwaka Bay NP area in 2014 and 150 described in detail by Davenport et al (2019). Briefly, survey teams located colobus via a total sweep census and followed each group for 2 -3 days to count all of its members and obtain data on its movement.…”

Section: Demographic Composition Of Roadside Colobus Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact and implications of vehicle collisions on the endangered and endemic Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii)

Olgun

Mohammed²,

Mzee³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Roads can affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Studies of road ecology have mostly concentrated in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact on biodiversity that roads may have in tropical habitats. Here, we examine a 4-year opportunistic dataset (January 2016 -December 2019) on mammalian roadkill observed along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay 25 National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endangered and endemic primate, the Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii). Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill. Monthly rainfall variation was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals and specifically for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age-sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their availability in the local population. 30The exact effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. However, the frequency of kills documented in this study suggests further mitigation measures may be important. Our data show that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus are comparable to rates of mortality experienced by other primate populations from natural predation. Unlike natural 35 predators, however, vehicles are not 'selective' in their targeting of 'prey'. The long-term implications of such a 'predation regime' on this species remain to be established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographic Composition Of Roadside Colobus Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact and implications of vehicle collisions on the endangered and endemic Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii)

Olgun

Mohammed²,

Mzee³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…While some subpopulations may use plantations, mangroves or shambas (areas of cultivation), 85% of the population exists in or adjacent to forests, with the largest forests containing bigger groups. 200 The overall Zanzibar red colobus habitat is severely fragmented, and many subpopulations exist in complete isolation. This animal has already disappeared from many forests on Unguja Island, and it probably occurred on the mainland in the recent past.…”

Section: Piliocolobus Kirkiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Red colobus (Piliocolobus) conservation action plan 2021-2026

Linder¹,

Cronin²,

Ting³

et al. 2021

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Ranging from forests in Senegal to the Zanzibar Archipelago, red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus spp.) are the most threatened group of African monkeys. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM in 2020, every form of red colobus monkey is threatened with extinction, and 14 of the 18 taxa (>75%) are listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered. Despite their conservation status, only a few populations have been studied in any detail and the general public is largely unaware of these monkeys and their plight. Following over two decades of calls to prioritise red colobus conservation efforts, this publication finally brings together the knowledge of experts on these monkeys and African wildlife conservation to identify the populations in most urgent need of conservation and to develop priority conservation actions for each taxon and across the red colobus’ geographic range.

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“…In Zanzibar, Tanzania, mean group sizes of the Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii were significantly higher in protected areas (21 individuals) than outside protected areas (13 individuals). Clearly, individuals outside of protected areas are at greatest risk ( Davenport et al, 2017 ). In this regard, Brazil has 29% of its land under protection, DRC 13%, Madagascar 12%, and Indonesia 12% ( Table 6 ; see Text S1 for additional information).…”

Section: Landscape Approaches To Primate Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primates in peril: the significance of Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for global primate conservation

Estrada

Garber

Mittermeier

et al. 2018

PeerJ

145

146

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Primates occur in 90 countries, but four—Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—harbor 65% of the world’s primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservation, we examine the anthropogenic pressures each country is facing that place their primate populations at risk. Habitat loss and fragmentation are main threats to primates in Brazil, Madagascar, and Indonesia. However, in DRC hunting for the commercial bushmeat trade is the primary threat. Encroachment on primate habitats driven by local and global market demands for food and non-food commodities hunting, illegal trade, the proliferation of invasive species, and human and domestic-animal borne infectious diseases cause habitat loss, population declines, and extirpation. Modeling agricultural expansion in the 21st century for the four countries under a worst-case-scenario, showed a primate range contraction of 78% for Brazil, 72% for Indonesia, 62% for Madagascar, and 32% for DRC. These pressures unfold in the context of expanding human populations with low levels of development. Weak governance across these four countries may limit effective primate conservation planning. We examine landscape and local approaches to effective primate conservation policies and assess the distribution of protected areas and primates in each country. Primates in Brazil and Madagascar have 38% of their range inside protected areas, 17% in Indonesia and 14% in DRC, suggesting that the great majority of primate populations remain vulnerable. We list the key challenges faced by the four countries to avert primate extinctions now and in the future. In the short term, effective law enforcement to stop illegal hunting and illegal forest destruction is absolutely key. Long-term success can only be achieved by focusing local and global public awareness, and actively engaging with international organizations, multinational businesses and consumer nations to reduce unsustainable demands on the environment. Finally, the four primate range countries need to ensure that integrated, sustainable land-use planning for economic development includes the maintenance of biodiversity and intact, functional natural ecosystems.

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Zanzibar's endemic red colobusPiliocolobus kirkii: first systematic and total assessment of population, demography and distribution

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

The impact and implications of vehicle collisions on the endangered and endemic Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii)

The impact and implications of vehicle collisions on the endangered and endemic Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii)

Red colobus (Piliocolobus) conservation action plan 2021-2026

Primates in peril: the significance of Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for global primate conservation

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