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Refractive indices, molar volumes and molar refractions of binary liquid mixtures: concepts and correlationsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Table of data (S1) and figures (S1–S5). See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b2/b208765k/Presented in part at the 17th IUPAC Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics, July 2002, Rostok, Germany.

“…Efforts in this area have included correlation of refractive index with density, 1,2 surface tension [3][4][5] and dielectric permittivity, 6,7 the use of n to calculate the molecular composition of hydrogen-bonded complexes, 8,9 and, in particular, the use of several well-known mixing rules 1 for n that allow more or less accurate prediction [10][11][12] of excess molar volume V m E (or, vice versa, the prediction of n from density data). 13,14 Refractive index and V m E data are in fact often reported together [15][16][17][18][19][20] even though, surprisingly, it is unusual to interrelate them for discussion of results. Given the above-mentioned rules, deviation of n from ideality would be expected to correlate well with V m E and to be physically interpretable itself.…”

“…In this paper we remind readers that it is only D x R that has physical significance. By the way, when reviewing we have also observed certain disagreements in names and notation, namely, Dn and DR are sometimes called excess refractive index 5,[9][10][11]16,20 and excess molar refraction, 21,26,29,33,34 being denoted by n E and R E , respectively. Excess properties are defined for thermodynamic variables, 35 so the notation n E is inadvisable even when dealing with deviations from ideality.…”

Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of Refractive Indices of Water–Acetonitrile–Salt Systems

“…The excess volume reflects the physical and/or chemical interactions between components in the mixture. In fact, n and the excess molar volume V s E values are often reported together. − The Gladstone–Dale equation , where ϕ i ′ = V i / V , with V denoting the actual volume of the mixture, accounts for the effect of volume change upon mixing.…”