Refractive indices, molar volumes and molar refractions of binary liquid mixtures: concepts and correlationsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Table of data (S1) and figures (S1–S5). See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b2/b208765k/Presented in part at the 17th IUPAC Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics, July 2002, Rostok, Germany.

Brocos, Pilar; Piñeiro, Ángel; Bravo, R.; Amigo, Alfredo

doi:10.1039/b208765k

Cited by 291 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is important to remark that experimental D mix n values given by Equation (38) have frequently been interpreted as excess refractive indices of mixtures, as recommended by Brocos et al [14] By contrast, no n E values calculated in terms of Equations (39) or (40) could be found in the literature. On the other hand, reporting the empirically defined change Dn(x A ) = nÀ(x A n A * +x B n B * ) is popular, although it can exhibit the opposite sign of D mix n, as for example in binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxalane with pentan-2-one, heptan-2-one or cyclopentanone at 298 K. [29] We advance the suggestion to base the analysis of refractive indices of real mixtures on the sign of n E .…”

Section: Refractive Index Of Mixing and Excess Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There is no universally agreed definition for the refractive index of thermodynamically ideal liquid mixtures, although Brocos et al [14] have argued in favour of adopting our n(unmixed) as calculated by Equation (6) for this purpose. Here we develop a theoretical approach to this question based on the relationship between refractive indices and high-frequency relative permittivities, together with a recent molecular [6b] and thermodynamic [6a,c,d] derivation of the ideal mixing law for relative permittivities.…”

Section: Ideal Refractive Index Of a Mixturementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the present context we mention the line of enquiry initiated by Nakata and Sakurai [4] aiming to predict V m E values from experimentally measured refractive indices. However, this type of analysis, which has been used and further developed by several authors, [14,34,37] has led invariably to the prediction of V m E values of the opposite sign of D mix n values. A realistic general approach should be able to accommodate all of the four possible sign combinations between n E and V m E noted above to have been observed in real binary systems.…”

Section: Excess Refractive Index and Excess Molar Volumementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus Equation (12) evidences the role of the difference n A * Àn B * in determining refractive properties of binary mixtures, which has been noted before on an empirical basis. [4,14] It also furnishes a rationale for the simplicity of nearly isorefractive mixtures.…”

Section: Ideal Refractive Index Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Refractive Index of Liquid Mixtures: Theory and Experiment

et al. 2010

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An innovative approach is presented to interpret the refractive index of binary liquid mixtures. The concept of refractive index "before mixing" is introduced and shown to be given by the volume-fraction mixing rule of the pure-component refractive indices (Arago-Biot formula). The refractive index of thermodynamically ideal liquid mixtures is demonstrated to be given by the volume-fraction mixing rule of the pure-component squared refractive indices (Newton formula). This theoretical formulation entails a positive change of refractive index upon ideal mixing, which is interpreted in terms of dissimilar London dispersion forces centred in the dissimilar molecules making up the mixture. For real liquid mixtures, the refractive index of mixing and the excess refractive index are introduced in a thermodynamic manner. Examples of mixtures are cited for which excess refractive indices and excess molar volumes show all of the four possible sign combinations, a fact that jeopardises the finding of a general equation linking these two excess properties. Refractive indices of 69 mixtures of water with the amphiphile (R,S)-1-propoxypropan-2-ol are reported at five temperatures in the range 283-303 K. The ideal and real refractive properties of this binary system are discussed. Pear-shaped plots of excess refractive indices against excess molar volumes show that extreme positive values of excess refractive index occur at a substantially lower mole fraction of the amphiphile than extreme negative values of excess molar volume. Analysis of these plots provides insights into the mixing schemes that occur in different composition segments. A nearly linear variation is found when Balankina's ratios between excess and ideal values of refractive indices are plotted against ratios between excess and ideal values of molar volumes. It is concluded that, when coupled with volumetric properties, the new thermodynamic functions defined for the analysis of refractive indices of liquid mixtures give important complementary information on the mixing process over the whole composition range.

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Section: Refractive Index Of Mixing and Excess Refractive Indexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ideal Refractive Index Of a Mixturementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Excess Refractive Index and Excess Molar Volumementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ideal Refractive Index Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Refractive Index of Liquid Mixtures: Theory and Experiment

et al. 2010

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“…Lorentz-Lorenz equation (3,4,and 5) 28 were used to calculate (nD1, nD2 and nD) as follows: Fig-2 illustrates the relation between ∆nD against mole fraction (X1) for the THFA .…”

Section: Refractive Index Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol With Some Alcohols at 298.15 K

Salman¹,

Al-Khfaji²,

Hussain³

et al. 2018

RJC

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To understand the nature of molecular aggregation between two solvents, excess properties (e.g. excess molar volume (V ), excess Gibb's free energy of activation viscous flow (∆G* E ) and viscosity deviation of binary mixtures) are therefore needed. Thus, in the current study, the refractive index (nD), viscosity (η), and density (ρ) of binary mixtures were measured for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) with ethanol, 2-propanol and 2-butanol at 298.15K. Moreover and based on experimentally obtained results, the V , the refractive index deviation (∆nD), excess molar viscosity (η E ) and ∆G* E were calculated. To correct and fit the experimental V , η

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High Refractive Index Sulfur‐Containing Polymers (HRISPs)

Scheiger

Théato

2021

Sulfur‐Containing Polymers

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Cited by 291 publications

References 52 publications

Refractive Index of Liquid Mixtures: Theory and Experiment

Refractive Index of Liquid Mixtures: Theory and Experiment

Novel Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol With Some Alcohols at 298.15 K

High Refractive Index Sulfur‐Containing Polymers (HRISPs)

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