Youth-Targeted E-cigarette Marketing in the US

Padon, Alisa A.; Maloney, Erin K.; Cappella, Joseph N.

doi:10.18001/trs.3.1.9

Cited by 121 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Unlike the traditional cigarette, the e-liquid of e-cig contains different flavoring agents including buttery minty, cherry or almond cinnamon, and chocolate flavors. Several studies suggest that some flavorings will promote e-cig use among youth [76,77] so that we have observed the exponential spread of e-cig use in high school student in the last few years [78]. However, up to 250 different compounds have been identified in the inhaled E-liquid vapor [79,80], suggesting that e-cig discharges a range of compounds capable of physiological damage to users.…”

Section: New Electronic Devices and Their Effect On Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function

Carnevale¹,

Cammisotto²,

Pagano³

et al. 2018

Smoking Prevention and Cessation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable risk factor related to the development of cardiovascular disease. It was demonstrated that tobacco smoke contains a thousand compounds potentially harmful to human health. As tobacco use declined over time, electronic cigarettes were introduced as an alternative. E-cigarettes are a modern and technological surrogate of traditional cigarettes and use heat to convert a nicotine solution or a flavored nicotine-free solution into vapor. Even though all the ingredients contained in the liquid of E-cigarettes are approved as food additives, the harmlessness of these electronic devices is still not fully proven in humans. The general mechanisms by which smoking results in cardiovascular events include the development of atherosclerotic changes with a hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a hallmark of preclinical systemic atherosclerosis and as a useful marker to stratify the risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on these considerations, in this chapter, we (1) discussed the role of endothelial dysfunction and its contributing factors, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, in the development of cardiovascular diseases and (2) reported the studies which investigated the effect of tobacco and electronic smoking on the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

show abstract

Section: New Electronic Devices and Their Effect On Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function

Carnevale¹,

Cammisotto²,

Pagano³

et al. 2018

Smoking Prevention and Cessation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The indirect mechanisms, contributing to the shift from e-cigarettes to other tobacco products or dual use, may include tobacco marketing messages (Padon et al 2017; Auf et al 2018), renormalization of tobacco use within public spaces, and societies (Fairchild et al 2014), while sale restrictions have proven to be not fully effective in controlling adolescents’ tobacco use (Utah Department Of Health—UDOH—2013; Simons-Morton and Farhat 2010; Ahmad and Billimek 2007). Therefore, a rebound increase in tobacco use might be observed over the coming years if the prevalence of e-cigarettes continues to escalate (Auf et al 2016) among adolescents in the USA (CDC 2015; Singh et al 2016) and other parts of the globe (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette use is associated with other tobacco use among US adolescents

Auf

Trepka

Selim

et al. 2018

Int J Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives To examine whether tobacco initiation via e-cigarettes increases the likelihood of subsequent tobacco use among a large representative sample of US adolescents. Methods This study is a retrospective longitudinal analysis from a representative sample of US middle and high school students (n = 39,718) who completed the 2014 and 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey. The adjusted odds ratios of lifetime and current use of tobacco use were estimated by logistic regression analysis while controlling for important socioecological factors associated with tobacco use. Results E-cigarette initiators were more likely to report current use of cigarettes (AOR 2.7; 1.9–4.0, p < 0.001), cigars (AOR 1.7; 1.2–2.4, p < 0.01), or smokeless tobacco (AOR 3.1; 2.2–5.4, p < 0.001), and lifetime use of the same products as well. Also, lifetime and current use of e-cigarettes significantly increased the likelihood of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions Initiation of tobacco via e-cigarette, lifetime, and current use of e-cigarettes are associated with higher odds of lifetime and current use of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco. Collectively this suggests e-cigarettes may lead to an increased use of tobacco among adolescents.

show abstract

“…Indeed, current e-cig use in high school students (defined as use during at least 1 day in the past 30 days) reached 16% by 2015, surpassing the rate of conventional cigarette use for the first time [67]. However, the broad and unregulated use of flavoring agents may also present more immediate health concerns.…”

Section: E-liquid Components and Their Effects On The Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma

Clapp

Jaspers

2017

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

164

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review Vaping is gaining popularity in the USA, particularly among teens and young adults. While e-cigs are commonly represented as safer alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, little is known regarding the health effects of their short- or long-term use, especially in individuals with pre-existing respiratory diseases such as asthma. Flavored e-cig liquids (e-liquids) and e-cig aerosols contain airway irritants and toxicants that have been implicated in the pathogenesis and worsening of lung diseases. In this review, we will summarize existing data on potential health effects of components present in e-cig aerosols, such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings, and discuss their relevance in the context of asthma. Recent Findings Recent survey data indicate that adolescents with asthma had a higher prevalence of current e-cig use (12.4%) compared to their non-asthmatics peers (10.2%) and conveyed positive beliefs about tobacco products, especially e-cigs. Similarly, a study conducted among high school students from Ontario, Canada, indicated a greater likelihood of e-cig use in asthmatics as compared to their non-asthmatic peers. Availability of different flavorings is often cited as the main reason among youth/adolescents for trying e-cigs or switching from cigarettes to e-cigs. Occupational inhalation of some common food-safe flavoring agents is reported to cause occupational asthma and worsen asthmatic symptoms. Moreover, workplace inhalation exposures to the flavoring agent diacetyl have caused irreversible obstructive airway disease in healthy workers. Additionally, recent studies report that thermal decomposition of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), the base constituents of e-liquids, produces reactive carbonyls, including acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, which have known respiratory toxicities. Furthermore, recent nicotine studies in rodents reveal that prenatal nicotine exposures lead to epigenetic reprogramming in the offspring, abnormal lung development, and multigenerational transmission of asthmatic-like symptoms. Summary Comparisons of the toxicity and health effects of e-cigs and conventional cigarettes often focus on toxicants known to be present in cigarette smoke (CS) (i.e., formaldehyde, nitrosamines, etc.), as well as smoking-associated clinical endpoints, such as cancer, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this approach disregards potential toxicity of components unique to flavored e-cigs, such as PG, VG, and the many different flavoring chemicals, which likely induce respiratory effects not usually observed in cigarette smokers.

show abstract

Youth-Targeted E-cigarette Marketing in the US

Cited by 121 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function

Effects of Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function

E-cigarette use is associated with other tobacco use among US adolescents

Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About