Yogurt starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ameliorate symptoms and modulate the immune response in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

Abstract

We investigated the yogurt starter cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus 151 and Streptococcus thermophilus MK-10 for their effect on the severity of experimental colitis, lymphocyte profile, and regulatory T-cell response. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice via the administration of 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in drinking water for 6 d. Next, the mice were gavaged intragastrically with an active yogurt cultures (YC) mixture (~5 × 10 9 cfu/mouse per day) or saline (vehicle) for 8 d. Mice receiving DSS or saline alone served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The length of the colon, disease activity index, histological scores, myeloperoxidase activity, epitheliumassociated microbes, short-chain fatty acid profile, total IgA antibody-forming cells, CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + , CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T-cell subsets, and cytokine profiles (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor) were examined after termination of the mice. Feeding mice with YC mixture reduced disease symptoms and modified intestinal microbiota and host inflammatory responsiveness to DSS. We observed limited weight loss and a decreased disease activity index score, lowered myeloperoxidase activity, and somewhat reduced damage of the intestine. The YC mixture upregulated the colon length, increased the amount and diversity of mucosaassociated microbes (enterobacteria, enterococci, and yeast), and decreased the concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents. It downregulated the input of cytotoxic CD3 + CD8 + T cells and CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells in Peyer's patches and enhanced CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + T cells in spleens and CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Simultaneously, IgA antibody-forming cells were downregulated in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and enhanced in spleens (SPL). The cultures mostly enhanced the production of cytokines tested in MLN and SPL, except for IL-6, which was downregulated in MLN. Interleukin-2 and IL-4 were the most upregulated in MLN, whereas IL-10, IL-4, IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor were most upregulated in SPL. In serum, the YC mixture downregulated IFN-γ and clearly increased IL-2. Based on these results, we recognize the high anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the L. bulgaricus 151 and S. thermophilus MK-10 set. The strains possess the ability to modulate the intestinal mucosal and systemic immune system toward both IgA production and induction of regulatory T cells, shifting Th1/Th2 balance.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KLDS 1.0207 Exerts Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects in vitro and Improves Blood Biochemical Parameters in vivo Against Notable Foodborne Pathogens

“…This may be due to one or a combination of the in vitro inhibitory activities earlier reported in this study -CFS antimicrobial activities, organic acid production, survivability under acid, and bile salt conditions. Similar trends were observed in the activities of L. bulgaricus 151 in DSS-induced mice trials (Wasilewska et al, 2019). Herein, the researchers also interestingly observed a slight limited loss in weight, which is in agreement with what is reported at present.…”

Biochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Supplemented with Paprika Juice of Different Colors

“…Yogurt is a fermented milk product obtained from the fermentation of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ( Wasilewska et al, 2019 ). It was first produced in the Middle East but has spread worldwide ( Wang et al, 2013 ); it contains higher levels of protein, vitamin B, and minerals including calcium, magnesium, potassium, and zinc than milk ( El-Abbadi et al, 2014 ).…”

Anti-allergic effect of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 on murine model of pollen allergy

“…The results in Figure 4 prompted us to consider whether day 42 was an appropriate time point for evaluating the immunosuppressive ability of LH2171: levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were lower in the LH2171 group than in the control group, probably because inflammatory reaction, such as Th2 cytokine production and proliferation of immune cells, was already suppressed by LH2171, and anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 would not need to be produced at day 42. In fact, our previous study and some other reports showed that even though LAB have the ability to induce anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 and Foxp3 in normal conditions or prior to inflammation, they do not always increase these factors in the inflammatory phase or affected organ [40][41][42]. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of allergy-related cytokines and transcription factors in PP at day 21 after the first immunization, an earlier time point.…”