Yield performance of apple rootstocks of the Geneva series on replanting soil

Denardi, Frederico; Kvitschal, Marcus Vinícius; Hawerroth, Maraisa Crestani

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2018000800007

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Significant rootstock behavior was established under varying growth conditions in a separate international trial, where the most productive trees were found on B.396 and M.9 rootstocks in Lithuania, on M.26 in Poland, on P 67 and P 22 in Latvia, and on M.26 in Estonia (Kviklys et al, 2013). Rootstock-scion or rootstock-location interactions were observed in NC-140 multi-location trials in the United States of America (Autio, 2001;Hirst et al, 2001), as well as in studies performed in other countries (Denardi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Relationships Among the Rootstock, Crop Load, and Sugar Hormone Signaling of Apple Tree, and Their Effects on Biennial Bearing

Kviklys

Samuolienė

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Adjustable crop load primarily involves bud manipulation, and usually switches from vegetative to reproductive buds. While this switch is not fully understood, it is still controlled by the ratio of hormones, which promote or inhibit bud formation. To determine the reasons for biennial bearing, the effect of apple rootstock, scion cultivar, crop load, as well as metabolic changes of endogenous phytohormones [zeatin, jasmonic acid, indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins 1, 3, and 7 (GAs)], and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sorbitol) were evaluated, and their connections with return bloom and yield of apple tree buds were analyzed. Cultivars "Ligol" and "Auksis" were tested on five rootstocks contrasting in induced vigor: semi-dwarfing M.26; dwarfing M.9, B.396, and P 67; and super-dwarfing P 22. Crop load levels were adjusted before flowering, leaving 75, 113, and 150 fruits per tree. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot of the metabolic response of phytohormones and sugars indicated that the effect of the semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock was significantly different from that of the dwarfing M.9 and P 67, as well as the super-dwarfing P 22 rootstocks in both varieties. The most intensive crop load (150 fruits per tree) produced a significantly different response compared to less intensive crop loads (113 and 75) in both varieties. In contrast to soluble sugar accumulation, increased crop load resulted in an increased accumulation of phytohormones, except for ABA. Dwarfing rootstocks M.9, B.396, and P 67, as well as super-dwarf P 22 produced an altered accumulation of promoter phytohormones, while the more vigorous semi-dwarfing M.26 rootstock induced a higher content of glucose and inhibitory phytohormones, by increasing content of IAA, ABA, and GAs. The most significant decrease in return bloom resulted from the highest crop load in "Auksis" grafted on M.9 and P 22 rootstocks. Average difference in flower number between crop loads of 75 and 150 fruits per tree in "Ligol" was 68%, while this difference reached~90% for P 22, and~75% for M.9 and M.26 rootstocks. Return bloom was dependent on the previous year's crop load, cultivar, and rootstock.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Relationships Among the Rootstock, Crop Load, and Sugar Hormone Signaling of Apple Tree, and Their Effects on Biennial Bearing

Kviklys

Samuolienė

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The G.213 rootstock was the most affected as it showed less vigor. According to Denardi et al ( 2018 ), on replanting soil conditions, the performance of apple trees may vary according to the rootstock that is used. In general, the most vigorous rootstocks are less affected by apple replant disease when compared to the dwarfing ones, and the tolerance of their root system to harmful agents has a crucial role to play (Isutsa and Merwin, 2000 ; Leinfelder and Merwin, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the yield efficiency of the G.213 rootstock compared to semi-dwarf rootstocks at ‘Fuji Suprema’ was 39% less than at ‘Gala Select’. This relationship explains the lower productivity of the Fuji Suprema cultivar by the G.213 rootstock, because the Fuji Suprema cultivar is more vigorous and is better adapted to more vigorous rootstocks than the Gala Select cultivar (Denardi et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geneva® Series Rootstocks for Apple Trees Under Extreme Replanting Conditions in Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Geneva® rootstocks in Brazil are known to be efficient in controlling vigor, and are precocious and resistant to diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of apple tree cultivars grafted on the Geneva® rootstocks in severe replant disease areas, by planting 60 days after the eradication. The experiments were implemented in 2017, in São Joaquim and Vacaria. The Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars were grafted onto ‘G.202’, ‘G.814’, ‘G.210’, and ‘G.213’ rootstocks in the Tall Spindle training system. In 2018/2019, total thinning was carried out to promote plant growth. In São Joaquim, partial thinning was carried out in 2019/2020 harvest of ‘Gala Select’. The rootstocks were divided into two groups based on vigor, for both areas and cultivars. ‘G.202’ and ‘G.213’ were 40% less vigorous than ‘G.210’ and ‘G.814’. For ‘Gala Select’, the extreme non-fallow condition mainly affected the vigor and productivity of ‘G.213’ in both areas. At the end of two harvests, ‘G.213’ was 17% less productive than ‘G.210’, contrary to what is observed in areas where the fallow period is respected. However, ‘G.213’ confirmed a greater yield efficiency, which was 27% higher than ‘G.210’. This suggests that a perspective of forecasting production for the third crop is higher for ‘G.213’ than for ‘G.210’. In the case of ‘Fuji Suprema’, the G.210 rootstock was the most productive in both areas. In São Joaquim, ‘G.202’ matched ‘G.210’ in productivity and efficiency as it sprouts better in colder regions. Considering the fruit quality, ‘G.213’ anticipated the maturation with fruits of larger size and higher total soluble solids (TSS) in both areas and cultivars, making it possible to anticipate the harvest. It was concluded that the non-fallow condition does not alter the relative differences in vigor and fruit quality among the rootstocks. However, notwithstanding the overall replant tolerance of these rootstocks, it does reduce productivity by mainly affecting less vigorous rootstocks that need about three crops to overcome the allelopathic effects of the soil and start growing normally. The G.210 semi-dwarfing rootstock is an alternative for the immediate conversion of apple orchards of Gala Select and Fuji Suprema cultivars in southern Brazil.

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“…Literature data prove that the chemical composition and quality of the apple is influenced by its variety [15][16][17], rootstock [18][19][20] and cultivation conditions (like weather, orchard system and other) [19,21]. Moreover, the quality of apples is strongly influenced by environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality

2021

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With the growing demand for quality food in the world, there is a new ambition to produce high-quality apples seeking reduced cultivation costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agrotechnological tools on the quality of cv. Rubin apples during the harvest. The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Rubin was grafted on dwarfing rootstocks P60, planted in single rows spaced 1.25 m between trees and 3.5 m between rows. Six agrotechnological tools were used—hand pruning, mechanical pruning, trunk incision, calcium-prohexadione, summer pruning and mechanical pruning one side, changing sides annually. The agrotechnical tools had no significant effect on accumulation of most sugars and elements, malic, folic and succinic acids in the fruits. Mechanical pruning resulted in significant accumulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, but reduced the amount of glucose compared to hand pruning. However, the trunk incision or spraying with ca-prohexadione together with mechanical pruning had no significant effect on sugar content but resulted in significantly higher amounts of phenols, antioxidants, ascorbic acid, Fe and Mn and reduced starch and citric acid.

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Yield performance of apple rootstocks of the Geneva series on replanting soil

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Relationships Among the Rootstock, Crop Load, and Sugar Hormone Signaling of Apple Tree, and Their Effects on Biennial Bearing

Relationships Among the Rootstock, Crop Load, and Sugar Hormone Signaling of Apple Tree, and Their Effects on Biennial Bearing

Geneva® Series Rootstocks for Apple Trees Under Extreme Replanting Conditions in Southern Brazil

The Influence of Agrotechnological Tools on cv. Rubin Apples Quality

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