Yeast as a Model System to Study Human Diseases

Poswal, Ashu M.; Saini, Adesh K.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5511-9_10

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…They have evolved over a period of 400 million years and are widely distributed across different ecosystems (Walker, 2009). These yeast species have numerous traits that are of interest for life science, making them efficient cell factories to produce valuable products (Nielsen, 2019) and model organisms to study human diseases (Poswal & Saini, 2017). Large‐scale whole‐genome sequencing has paved ways towards the understanding of metabolic diversity in different yeast species (Peter et al , 2018; Shen et al , 2018), for example, by correlating the existence of certain enzyme‐encoding genes with the ability to metabolize a given substrate (Riley et al , 2016; Opulente et al , 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast metabolic innovations emerged via expanded metabolic network and gene positive selection

Yuan

et al. 2021

Molecular Systems Biology

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Yeasts are known to have versatile metabolic traits, while how these metabolic traits have evolved has not been elucidated systematically. We performed integrative evolution analysis to investigate how genomic evolution determines trait generation by reconstructing genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) for 332 yeasts. These GEMs could comprehensively characterize trait diversity and predict enzyme functionality, thereby signifying that sequence-level evolution has shaped reaction networks towards new metabolic functions. Strikingly, using GEMs, we can mechanistically map different evolutionary events, e.g. horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication, onto relevant subpathways to explain metabolic plasticity. This demonstrates that gene family expansion and enzyme promiscuity are prominent mechanisms for metabolic trait gains, while GEM simulations reveal that additional factors, such as gene loss from distant pathways, contribute to trait losses. Furthermore, our analysis could pinpoint to specific genes and pathways that have been under positive selection and relevant for the formulation of complex metabolic traits, i.e. thermotolerance and the Crabtree effect. Our findings illustrate how multidimensional evolution in both metabolic network structure and individual enzymes drives phenotypic variations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast metabolic innovations emerged via expanded metabolic network and gene positive selection

Yuan

et al. 2021

Molecular Systems Biology

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“…Therefore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used as a suitable model for gaining more insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases and the development of appropriate treatments [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Carriers and Substrates Transport Network: A Lesson from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ferramosca

Zara

2021

IJMS

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The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most widely used model organisms for investigating various aspects of basic cellular functions that are conserved in human cells. This organism, as well as human cells, can modulate its metabolism in response to specific growth conditions, different environmental changes, and nutrient depletion. This adaptation results in a metabolic reprogramming of specific metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial carriers play a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, connecting mitochondrial with cytosolic reactions. By transporting substrates across the inner membrane of mitochondria, they contribute to many processes that are central to cellular function. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 members of the mitochondrial carrier family, most of which have been functionally characterized. The aim of this review is to describe the role of the so far identified yeast mitochondrial carriers in cell metabolism, attempting to show the functional connections between substrates transport and specific metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and amino acids synthesis. Analysis of the literature reveals that these proteins transport substrates involved in the same metabolic pathway with a high degree of flexibility and coordination. The understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in yeast biology and metabolism could be useful for clarifying unexplored aspects related to the mitochondrial carrier network. Such knowledge will hopefully help in obtaining more insight into the molecular basis of human diseases.

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“…Yeasts may be grown under closely reproducible and strictly controlled conditions with little special equipment. Taking into consideration significant homology of yeast important cellular pathways to higher eukaryotic organisms (Poswal and Saini 2017), yeasts are used as a convenient model of eukaryotic cells (Salazar et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural investigation of acidocalcisomes and ATPase activity in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP‐4 as ‘complementary’ stress‐targets

Hovnanyan

Marutyan

Hovnanyan

et al. 2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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As a result of electron microscopic studies of morphogenesis in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP‐4, the formation of new structures of volutin acidocalcisomes has been established within the cell cytoplasm. Under influence of X‐irradiation, the changes in morphometric and electron‐dense properties of yeast cells were identified: in yeast cytoplasm, the electron‐dense volutin granules were increased up to 400 nm in size. After 24‐h post‐irradiation incubation of yeasts, the large volutin pellets are fragmented into smaller number particles in size up to 25–150 nm. The ATPase activity in yeast mitochondria was changed under X‐irradiation. In latent phase of growth, ATPase activity was decreased 1·35‐fold in comparison with non‐irradiated yeasts. In logarithmic phase of growth, ATPase activity was three times higher than in latent phase, and in stationary phase of growth it has a value similar to the latent phase. Probably, the cells receive the necessary energy from alternative energy sources, such as volutin. Electron microscopy of volutin granule changes might serve as convenient method for evaluation of damages and repair processes in cells under influence of different environmental stress‐factors.

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Yeast as a Model System to Study Human Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Yeast metabolic innovations emerged via expanded metabolic network and gene positive selection

Yeast metabolic innovations emerged via expanded metabolic network and gene positive selection

Mitochondrial Carriers and Substrates Transport Network: A Lesson from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ultrastructural investigation of acidocalcisomes and ATPase activity in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP‐4 as ‘complementary’ stress‐targets

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