As a result of electron microscopic studies of morphogenesis in yeast Candida guilliermondii NP‐4, the formation of new structures of volutin acidocalcisomes has been established within the cell cytoplasm. Under influence of X‐irradiation, the changes in morphometric and electron‐dense properties of yeast cells were identified: in yeast cytoplasm, the electron‐dense volutin granules were increased up to 400 nm in size. After 24‐h post‐irradiation incubation of yeasts, the large volutin pellets are fragmented into smaller number particles in size up to 25–150 nm. The ATPase activity in yeast mitochondria was changed under X‐irradiation. In latent phase of growth, ATPase activity was decreased 1·35‐fold in comparison with non‐irradiated yeasts. In logarithmic phase of growth, ATPase activity was three times higher than in latent phase, and in stationary phase of growth it has a value similar to the latent phase. Probably, the cells receive the necessary energy from alternative energy sources, such as volutin. Electron microscopy of volutin granule changes might serve as convenient method for evaluation of damages and repair processes in cells under influence of different environmental stress‐factors.
Nanobacteria individual cases under the name of suggesting the bacteria mycoplasma and L-transformed forms of bacteria that imitate their size are nanobacteria that a separate systematic units remains controversial; the introduction of new high-resolution analytical microscopy techniques of prokaryote and eukaryote has revealed new structures in the structures of bacteria, which are the target of physical, chemical and biologically active stressors. The purpose of this work is, through a comparative retrospective analysis, to find out the motivation of "nanobacteria" ultrastructure public and visualize the structure of Gram-negative bacteria and viruses like symbiont of entamoeba.
The liver, as the central metabolic organ, plays an important role in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. In the environment, there are many hepatotoxic xenobiotics. CCl4 is a free radical toxic for organelles of hepatocytes. The presented work was studying the character of ultrastructural changes in CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes as well as the tissue after treatment by grape seed extract (GSE), α-tocopherol (α-T). As a result of cell bioremediation effect and reactions against corruptive factors, the liver has a high regeneration ability.
Background. Beneficial effects of probiotic Nissle 1917 on the host health have been shown in a range of investigations(1). During our previous studies the positive effects of E. coli 2‐1 on human and animals organism have also been described(2), and the liquid‐crystal state of cell walls from the E. coli cells was shown by the x‐ray diffraction method under the small and large angles (Fig. 1). Taking into account that solid‐liquid interfaces could have a considerable effect on host bacterial physiology(3) we aimed to investigate the cell surface hydrophobicities of probiotic strains E. coli M‐17 and E. coli 2‐1 strains. Methods . The probiotic strains E. coli 2‐1 from the probiotic formulation ASAP (Armenia) and E. coli M‐17 from the probiotic formulation Colibacteron (Armenia) were used during these investigations. The twenty‐four gut commensal E. coli strains from the four healthy volunteers were used as controls. The cell surface hydrophobicities of the E. coli strains were determined by a MATH test according to Koss and coauthors(4 ), and the crystallization levels of cell walls (35 % water suspensions) from these strains were assessed semi‐quantitatively at 25'C with polarizing microscopy MIN‐8 with Bertrán's prism and increase x 300. The determination of the sizes of structural units carried out by a standard way with the help an eyepiece ‐ a micrometer; the +150W halogen lamp was a light source. Results . Comparative MATH test experiments show that both investigated probiotic strains' cells surfaces are more hydrophobic than the bacterial surfaces of strains from the normal gut microbiota. At the same time, the low crystallization levels of cell wall proteins for probiotic E. coli strains were described. Most probably, the comparative hydrophobic structure of bacterial membranes from probiotic strains regulates “probiotic‐characteristics” of E. coli M‐17 and E. coli 2‐1 strains.
Electron Microscopy (EM) has a big importance and is widely practiced for diagnostic aims in the medicine, agriculture and other spheres of different activities of human beings and animals [1-9]. It is well known the large influence of EM on the development of our knowledge in the sphere of cell biology.
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