Yaws in Ecuador: impact of control measures on the disease in the Province of Esmeraldas.

Anselmi, Mariella; Araújo, Eliete da Cunha; Narvaez, A; Cooper, Philip J.; Guderian, Ronald H.

doi:10.1136/sti.71.6.343

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As expected, the prevalence of TPPA positivity increased with age within the age group examined, and the study also confirmed previous reports8,13 that males are at slightly higher risk than females of both TPPA positivity and dual seropositivity. The reasons for this association are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Many countries report only clinical cases without laboratory confirmation and there are inadequate data to guide control programs in many countries. Previous studies have shown that the majority of clinical cases occur in children < 15 years of age, and have also suggested a preponderance of cases in males 3,8,13. It is also recognized that for every clinical case there are 5–6 individuals with serological evidence of infection but no clinical manifestations 8,13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the Epidemiology of Yaws in the Solomon Islands: A Cluster Randomized Survey

Marks¹,

Vahi²,

Sokana³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Yaws, a non-venereal treponemal disease, is targeted for eradication by 2020 but accurate epidemiological data to guide control programs remain sparse. The Solomon Islands reports the second highest number of cases of yaws worldwide. We conducted a cluster randomized survey of yaws in two provinces of the Solomon Islands. One thousand four hundred and ninety-seven (1,497) children 5–14 years of age were examined. Clinical signs of active yaws were found in 79 children (5.5%), whereas 140 children (9.4%) had evidence of healed yaws lesions. Four hundred and seventy (470) (31.4%) children had a positive Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA). Two hundred and eighty-five (285) children (19%) had a positive TPPA and rapid plasma regain assay. Risk of yaws increased with age and was more common in males. The prevalence of yaws at village level was the major risk factor for infection. Our findings suggest the village, not the household, should be the unit of treatment in the World Health Organization (WHO) yaws eradication strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Epidemiology of Yaws in the Solomon Islands: A Cluster Randomized Survey

Marks¹,

Vahi²,

Sokana³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…After a single penicillin dose, early lesions become noninfectious after 24 hours and heal within 1 to 2 weeks. 64,67,68 PINTA Pinta, also known as puru-puru or carate, is an endemic treponematosis caused by Treponema carateum. The disease is characterized by a relatively benign course, chronic skin lesions, and no systemic involvement.…”

Section: Granuloma Inguinalementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical dermatology: Bacterial tropical diseases

Lupi

Madkan

Tyring

2006

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…As always, it is not known whether a lack of reported cases is the result of true disease elimination or lack of surveillance. In Ecuador, for example, no clinical cases were detected between 1993 and 1998, suggesting elimination of yaws (257,258). In Guyana, however, following the implementation of a control program in 2000, a resurvey conducted the following year showed a residual prevalence of yaws skin lesions of 1.6% (259).…”

Section: Yawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endemic Treponematoses

2014

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SUMMARY The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus Treponema : three subspecies of Treponema pallidum plus Treponema carateum . T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causes venereal syphilis, while T. pallidum subsp. pertenue , T. pallidum subsp. endemicum , and T. carateum are the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.

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Yaws in Ecuador: impact of control measures on the disease in the Province of Esmeraldas.

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Mapping the Epidemiology of Yaws in the Solomon Islands: A Cluster Randomized Survey

Mapping the Epidemiology of Yaws in the Solomon Islands: A Cluster Randomized Survey

Tropical dermatology: Bacterial tropical diseases

The Endemic Treponematoses

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