Y chromosome DNA in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of childbearing age women: Implications for epitheliotropic sexually transmitted infections?

Genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of reproductive-age women: prevalence and risk factors

“…This result may be related to recent/current sexual transmission of ureaplasmas, as cervicovaginal samples from women at high risk of STIs have frequently been found to contain traces of semen. 22 Our results also showed that 8.6, 9.4 and 7.7% of UU, UP and MH detections were found in women who recently had unprotected intercourse, respectively. A recent study by Malagon et al 46 indicates that a substantial proportion of HPV DNA detections may be depositions due to recent unprotected intercourse since they found that 14.1% of HPV DNA detections in genital samples were owing to vaginal sex in the past seven days.…”

“…To explore the association between age and overall genital mycoplasma and ureaplasma prevalence, age was categorised as previously described. 22 Behavioural variables (age at first sexual intercourse, time after first sexual intercourse, lifetime number of sexual partners and contraceptive use) of participants were also characterised. The mean of years after first sexual intercourse was computed from the difference between the age and the age of first intercourse.…”

“…Yc-DNA detection was introduced as a measure of recent unprotected intercourse (detectable up to five days after unprotected intercourse). 22,27 Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, using a 5% level of significance. The univariate analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as a measure of association between the explanatory variables.…”

“…To check the integrity of the DNA extracted from the specimens, a region of 175 base pairs of the cellular beta-globin gene (PCO 3 /BGII primers, Metabion V R ) was amplified, as reported in our previous research work. 22 Detection of genital mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas and Y chromosome (Yc)-DNA PCR amplifications were carried out individually with 1 Â PCR buffer, 0.3 mM of each previously described specific primers (MgPa1/MgPa3, 23 RNAH1/RNAH2, 24 UMS57/UMA222 25 and U4/U5, 26 Metabion V R ), 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.20 mM deoxynucleotide triphosphates, 1 unit Taq polymerase (KapaTaq, KapaBiosystems V R ) and 50-100 ng DNA template. Yc PCR amplification was carried out, as previously described by Silva et al 22 Clinical isolates of MH, MG, UP and UU were used as positive controls.…”

Human papillomavirus prevalence and distribution in self‐collected samples from female university students in Maputo

“…Women reporting two or more lifetime sexual partners, and two or more sexual partners in the past year had, respectively, a 3‐ and 2‐fold increased odds of genital HPV infection. Previous studies indicate that HPV natural history is influenced by several factors, such as early sexual debut, increased number of lifetime and current sexual partners, and coinfection with other STIs . In Sub‐Saharan Africa, sociocultural practices such as polygamy are associated with a 2‐fold increased risk of HPV infection .…”