XPS and structural studies of high quality graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide prepared by different chemical oxidation methods

Al-Gaashani, R.; Najjar, Ahmad; Zakaria, Yahya; Mansour, Said; Atieh, Muataz Ali

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.04.165

Cited by 764 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The O1s peak here appears to have been attached to the CNW due to its exposure to air. Indeed, if the stickiness was caused by the activity of the functional group, the shoulder peak should have been released [29,30], but no significant change in the C1s peak was observed. The peaks of the sp 3 and sp 2 structures were confirmed by the CNW mechanism.…”

Section: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion-Increased Carbon Nanowalls for the Electrodes of Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2019

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Carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are used as electrodes for secondary batteries in energy storage systems (ESSs), have the widest reaction surface area among the carbon-based nanomaterials, but their application is rare due to their low adhesion with substrates. Indium tin oxide (ITO), a representative transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material, is widely used as the electrode for displays, solar cells, etc. Titanium nitride (TiN) is a well-used material as an interlayer for improving the adhesion between two materials. In this study, ITO or TiN thin films were used as an interlayer to improve the adhesion between a CNW and a substrate. The interlayer was deposited on the substrate using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system with a four-inch TiN or ITO target. CNWs were grown on the interlayer-coated substrate using a microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system with a mixture of methane (CH 4 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gases. The adhesion of the CNW/interlayer/substrate structure was observed through ultrasonic cleaning.

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Section: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion-Increased Carbon Nanowalls for the Electrodes of Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2019

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“…And this is why we find that the CS/PAADDA/PUB membranes still show the relatively high OH – conductivity after ADT treatment. As shown in Figure E, before ADT treatment, the deconvoluted O1 s peak with BE of 533.1 eV represents COC and the peak with BE of 532.5 eV is assigned for COH whereas the peak with BE of 531.8 eV is attached to CO . After ADT treatment, as shown in Figure F, the relative intensity of OC peak declines while that of COH increases, which may be caused by the S N 2 substitution reaction and the breakage of amide groups under strong alkaline environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Figure 7E, before ADT treatment, the deconvoluted O1s peak with BE of 533.1 eV represents C O C 48 and the peak with BE of 532.5 eV is assigned for C O H 44 whereas the peak with BE of 531.8 eV is attached to C O. 48 After ADT treatment, as shown in Figure 7F, the relative intensity of O C peak declines while that of C O H increases, which may be caused by the S N 2 substitution reaction and the breakage of amide groups under strong alkaline environment. The above analysis shows that PUB and PAADDA are successfully incorporated into the CS matrix and the membrane possesses good durable alkaline stability.…”

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

2019

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Summary A novel OH− conducting membrane containing chitosan (CS), poly‐(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PAADDA) and linear structured poly‐bis (2‐chloroethyl) ether‐1,3‐bis [3‐(dimethylamino)propyl] urea copolymer (PUB) was synthesized via a solution‐casting method and subsequently modified by hot treatment and chemical cross‐linking. The structural characterizations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out, showing that CS, PAADDA, and PUB formed a compact interpenetrating polymer network structure without apparent phase separation phenomenon under the help of cross‐linking. By changing the content of PUB in the membrane, the application performance such as mechanical properties, thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis, water uptake (WU), OH− conductivity ( σOH−) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were investigated to evaluate the feasibility for alkaline membrane fuel cells. The maximum OH− conductivity could be reached up to 3.12 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 80°C in a mass ratio of CS/PAADDA/PUB (1:0.5:0.5) while a good tensile strength of 22.73 MPa and an excellent elongation at break of 23.55% could be obtained in a mass ratio of CS/PAADDA/PUB (1:0.5:0.25). Furthermore, the membrane also exhibited relatively high oxidative stability as well as excellent alkaline resistance stability, when conditioned in 30% H2O2 solution at ambient temperature for 120 hours and 8 M KOH solution at 60°C for 320 hours, respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) achieved a peak power density of 38.1 mW cm−2 at the maximum current density of 73.2 mA cm−2 in a H2/O2 system at room temperature. PUB was successfully introduced into the CS‐based membrane to improve the conductivity. Maximum OH− conductivity reached 0.016 S cm−1 at room temperature. Tensile strength of the prepared membrane could reach up to 22.73 MPa. The prepared membrane exhibited an excellent elongation at break of 23.55%. The membrane showed good oxidative stability and excellent alkaline resistance stability.

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“…The oxygen binding In–O (In 2 O 3 ) and C‐O (GO) peak was absolute at 530.41 eV with O 1 s status . The S 2p and C 1 s peaks appeared at 161.4 and 285.0 eV owing to the presence of sulfur and carbon in NiS–In 2 O 3 /GO …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] The S 2p and C 1 s peaks appeared at 161.4 and 285.0 eV owing to the presence of sulfur and carbon in NiS-In 2 O 3 /GO. [36]…”

Section: Optical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene oxides as support for the synthesis of nickel sulfide–indium oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant performances

Ashraf

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Organom Chemis

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NiS (nickel sulfide)–In2O3 (indium oxide) nanostructures and NiS–In2O3 decorated on graphene oxide (GO) were demonstrated by ultrasonic/hydrothermal method. The structural study demonstrates the preparation of bixbyite and hexagonal phase of In2O3 and NiS for all of the synthesized catalysts. The band gap of the synthesized catalyst was determined to be in the range of 2.30–3.00 eV. A morphological evaluation by field emission scanning electron microscopy of NiS–In2O3 decorated on graphene oxide shows support for the NiS–In2O3 on the graphene oxide layer. Different test parameters were performed to study the phase and morphology. The particle sizes of the In2O3, NiS–In2O3 and NiS–In2O3/GO nanocomposites were 56.0, 62.0 and 66.0 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of NiS–In2O3/GO nanocomposites was examined for the degradation of methylene blue dye under a UV lamp. The prepared sample shows 98.25% photocatalytic degradation within 40 min and at pH 9. With the presence the NiS and GO, the photo‐degradation capacities of In2O3 and NiS–In2O3 are improved owing to the low band gap being calculated in UV–vis DRS analysis. The high ratio of NiS causes the highest photocatalytic properties of NiS–In2O3 nanocomposites owing to the enhancement of charge separation efficiency and generation of hydroxyl radicals. This study presents a facile and low‐cost method to prepare highly active NiS–In2O3/GO nanocomposites. The antibacterial data indicate the significant properties of NiS–In2O3/GO nanocomposites for this study.

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XPS and structural studies of high quality graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide prepared by different chemical oxidation methods

Cited by 764 publications

References 33 publications

Adhesion-Increased Carbon Nanowalls for the Electrodes of Energy Storage Systems

Adhesion-Increased Carbon Nanowalls for the Electrodes of Energy Storage Systems

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

Graphene oxides as support for the synthesis of nickel sulfide–indium oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant performances

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