XI.—A Late-glacial Site at Loch Droma, Ross and Cromarty

Kirk, William S.; Godwin, H.; Charlesworth, J. Kaye

doi:10.1017/s0080456800038394

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…; Q-695; 10,820 + 170 B.p.). Similarly, the date, 12,940 + 150 (Q-643; Godwin and Willis, 1964) place Roberthill sediments in the Lower Dryas proving that just as in north-west Scotland (Kirk and Godwin, 1963) a varied and complex, albeit open vegetation was able to exist in southern Scotland at this time.…”

Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Pinus pollen especially must have been derived from sources at a considerable distance as it seems clear that this genus was certainly established only in southern England during the Late Weichselian (Godwin, 1956;Seagrief, 1959;Seagrief and Godwin, i960;Suggate and West, 1959) although subfossil remains are reported in Allerod sediments from Loch Eanord, Aberdeenshire (Vasari and Vasari, 1968). There is macro-fossil evidence from widely separated sites, Loch Droma, Ross and Cromarty (Kirk and Godwin, 1963), eastern Aberdeenshire (Vasari and Vasari, 1968) and Whitrig Bog, Berwick (Mitchell, 1948) that tree birches occurred in Scotland, although these records suggest that they were of minor importance in the vegetation. The fact that at least some of the Betula pollen recorded in the present series of pollen diagrams was referred to B. nana (Terasmae, 1951;Walker, 1955) emphasizes the rarity of the tree birches in south-west Scotland.…”

Section: History Of the Flora And Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generally open character of the vegetation is further emphasized by the records of Polytrichum alpinum at Bigholm Burn, and by P. piliferum at Little Lochans, for both occur in snow-bed communities (McVean and Ratcliffe, 1962) and P. piliferum is tolerant of solifluxion (Dahl, 1956), Whereas the trend towards increasing density of vegetation from Zone I to Zone II is common to all Scottish sites, the expression varies between northern and southern sites. In the north, including Orkney (Moar, 1969), Empetrum and Juniperus heathland spread rapidly at the beginning of Zone II (Donner, 1957;Kirk and Godwin, 1963) in contrast to the increased stability of grassland in southern Scotland. However, neither heathland, nor grassland, excluded the other, and in the north, grassland, and in the south, heathland, was not uncommon.…”

Section: History Of the Flora And Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only detailed regional investigations into the history of the flora and vegetation of Scotland have been restricted to the Highlands (Donner, 1957(Donner, , 1958(Donner, , 1962 although Late Weichselian and Flandrian sites have been studied throughout Scotland (Durno, 1957(Durno, , 1958(Durno, , 1959Kirk and Godwin, 1963;Mitchell, 1948;Nichols, 1967;Steven and Carlisle, 1959). These results show, as was evident from the earlier work of Erdtman (1928), that the development of Flandrian vegetation in Scotland varies from that in England, and that there were affinities between Scottish and Irish Late Weichselian vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Weichselian and Flandrian Pollen Diagrams From South‐west Scotland

Moar¹

1969

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe history of Late Weichselian and Flandrian vegetation in south-west Scotland has been studied by examining sites ranging from near sea-level up to about 1500 ft O.D. (c. 500 m). Pollen was scarce or absent in Lower Dryas sediments, but the relatively high counts in Allerod sediments implied that an open herbaceous vegetation was established before this time. Throughout the Late Weichselian the vegetation was an herbaceous one which became more stable and denser during the Allerod, but was much reduced during Upper Dryas time. Early Flandrian vegetation remained open and the spread of birch woodland was delayed for some time. Once established the birch forests remained dominant or co-dominant for a long period and were never completely replaced by mixed-oak forest. Because of the differences in vegetation development it was difficult to correlate significant changes in the pollen curves with the standard British system of pollen zones. For this reason an attempt has been made to devise a system of zones appropriate for Scotland which bears comparison with the presently accepted scheme. Apparent breaks in sedimentation at Bigholm Burn and Culhorn Mains, only revealed by pollen analysis, are treated as local phenomena, the causes of which had no effect upon the character of the regional vegetation. Radiocarbon assay of samples from Bigholm Burn show that the ages of Allerod sediments are consistent with those from other parts of Britain, but early and mid-Flandrian dates are considerably younger than their biostratigraphical equivalents elsewhere. Until more dates are available from the region this apparent anomaly is regarded as being an effect of local factors influencing forest development and sedimentation. Although the distribution of sites about the Southern Uplands implies that glaciers were restricted to higher altitudes the present study does not add significantly to our knowledge of the extent of glaciation in this region during the Late Weichselian.

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Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: History Of the Flora And Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of the Flora And Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Weichselian and Flandrian Pollen Diagrams From South‐west Scotland

Moar¹

1969

New Phytologist

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“…The Loch Droma deposit from north-west Scotland (Kirk and Godwin, 1963), radiocarbon dated at 12,810 + 155 years B.P., falls at about the boundary of the Low Baltic stadial and Agard interstadial of Morner (1971), which occurred earlier than the Boiling interstadial. Certain of the plant remains in the deposit suggest that snow-bed or other alpine plant communities were present but others, including a tree-birch seed and pine and tree birch pollen indicate that some woodland occurred nearby.…”

Section: The Significance Of the Nant Ffrancon Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Macrofossils From Late‐devensian Deposits at Nant Ffrancon, Caernarvonshire

Burrows

1974

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe occurrence of plant macrofossils in Late-Devensian sediments from the valley of Nant Ffrancon is described. The range of fossils present and their distribution relative to changes in the sedimentary sequence allow an interpretation to be made of the Late-Devensian environments of the area. A time of barren landscape, as ice retreated from the valley and adjacent areas, was followed by a brief period of vegetation development in which some woody plants were present, then a brief return to colder conditions and devegetation. There then occurred a longer interval during which varied vegetation developed, beginning primarily with herbaceous communities and culminating in a period of predominance of birch woodland and scrub, which probably formed mosaics with herbaceous communities. Finally, there was a return to barren conditions as climate again became colder. No absolute dating is yet available for these events but, provisionally, they may be correlated with phases in the glacial history of the area and with changes recorded by pollen analysis by other workers.

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