SynopsisFrom the abounding moraines, drainage features (fig. 21) and other marginal indications an attempt has been made to reconstruct the successive phases of the ice in its retreat into the corries of the Highlands and Islands (Pl. I). Two late-glacial stages are recognised. During the first, the Highland Glaciation, an ice-margin ran from the Orkney Islands across the mouth of the Moray Firth to the Buchan and out to sea north of Aberdeen. Twelve substages (A–L) of retreat, arbitrarily selected, have been traced through the country, except in the Moraineless West where they are unrepresented.At the maximum of the second stage, the Moraine Glaciation, the ice readvanced to the line stage M (beaded line in Pl. I). The retreat from this line, the inner boundary of the Moraineless West and of the 100-foot raised beach (Pl. I), is divided into nine substages (N–V), based upon a consideration of snowlines. Substage N corresponds to the 50-foot raised beach, substage P to an important readvance.The snowline throughout the late-glacial period ran in the west parallel with the meridians and rose eastwards. The disposition of the snowlines for stage M is given in fig. 22, p. 900.The distribution of the ice in the British Isles during the North British, Highland and Moraine Glaciations is represented in fig. 23, p. 923.

I. T he E nd -M oraine O f T he N ever D rift I n E ngland The course of the end-moraine of the Newer Drift of England is now, thanks to the labours of a number of glacialists, well established and, with the exception of two or three noteworthy departures, differs but slightly from the line laid down more than 40 years ago by H. Carvill Lewis. The line as now amended and completed is inserted in the accompanying small map (p. 336), in which are also inscribed the extension through Wales, the subject of this paper, and the continuation across Ireland, recently described. The track of the moraine is over 1000 miles long, and forms a markedly sinuous line, closely adapted to the varied relief. Thus the loops, directed southwards, embrace the broad basins and the wider valleys where the ready ice-flow facilitated unobstructed deployment of the lobes, and curve backwards over the intervening uplands where the ice-advance was impeded. The south-easternmost link in the long chain of mounds is the Cromer ridge which runs on the south of Cromer for 20 miles from Trimingham to Holt. North of the Wash, the continuation, as was suspected by S. V. Woods, forms a ridge of boulder-clay passing northwards into an accumulation of sands and gravels which trend by Firsby, Little Steeping, Toynton, and Keal to the southern end of the Lincolnshire Wolds. Thence the moraine, accompanied by a fine suite of marginal channels, flanks the eastern slopes of the Wolds to the Humber at South Ferriby. The

SynopsisExcavations in 1958 for the construction of a dam at Loch Droma, Ross and Cromarty, revealed a deep and extensive section in peat and Late-glacial silts. The section was surveyed, its environs studied, and samples of materials analyzed by the Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, and the Sub-department of Quaternary Research, University of Cambridge. The watershed location of the site, the early radio-carbon date obtained for the basal silts (12,810 ± 155 B.P.), and the nature of their organic contents, make this a critical site for the elucidation of the deglaciation and vegetational history of the Atlantic seaboard of North-west Scotland. In Part I of this report, W. Kirk describes the site and its setting, and indicates some of the problems it raises for existing glacial chronologies of Northern Scotland, and in Part II, H. Godwin summarizes and comments upon the analyses of organic remains.

In the course of researches into the glaciation of the western part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland the writer accidentally stumbled upon a series of large and continuous moraines bordering the Central Valley. Some of these had been observed and described by earlier workers, others—probably constituting the larger part—had either escaped detection or had been differently interpreted.The solution of the problem presented by these moraines not only required their careful mapping from coast to coast, but also inevitably led to an attempt to decipher the history of the retreat of the ice out of the Central Valley.

The present paper embodies the results of an investigation into the glacial phenomena of the Southern Uplands of Scotland, west of Annandale and Upper Clydesdale.The literature dealing with the glaciation of this extensive region is very meagre. Apart from the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Scotland, only a few and scattered papers and occasional references bear upon the subject. These will be noted in the course of the paper as occasion arises.