Xanthogranulomatous endometritis: An unusual pathological entity mimicking endometrial carcinoma

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis is an unusual pathological entity mimicking endometrial carcinoma. This shows sheets of foamy histiocytes alongwith other inflammatory cells. We, hereby, report a case of 45 year multigravida female with irregular menstrual history, clinically diagnosed as carcinoma and histopathologically turned out as xanthogranulomatous endometritis. So, this condition should always be dealt with caution, and pathologists and clinicians should be aware of it.

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis- a rare pathological entity presenting as infertility

“…Age is in concordance to the 2 cases of study of Zang et al [6] showing 32 years and 21 years while 1 case is of age 62 years. But the studies of Ekici et al [8] and Makkar et al [9] were showing discordance with our case, having 67 years and 45 years old females respectively. Chief complaint of our case was inability to conceive with history of previous abortions.…”

“…There is no such case reported till date having these symptoms. In the study of Ekici et al [8] patient had complaint of Post-menopausal bleeding while the female in study of Makkar et al [9] presented with continuous bleeding per vaginum for last 3 months with irregular menstrual history for 1 year. The case series of Zang et al [6] showed varying complaints -Pain lower abdomen, Irregular bleeding, fever, abdominal discomfort and discharge per vaginum.…”

“…The presence of foamy histiocytes infiltrating the myometrium might be misdiagnosed as Clear cell carcinoma or Sarcoma, although immunohistochemical stains can resolve the issue. [9] Conclusion 1) Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis is very rare pathological entity. 2) It should be kept in differential diagnosis of infertility cases in young females.…”

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis mimicking endometrial carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

“…Xanthogranulomatous endometritis, also known as histiocytic endometritis or pseudoxanthomatous endometritis, is a rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the endometrium. To our knowledge, only 23 cases have been reported in English literature [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , of which only 7 cases contain imaging findings [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . The incident age range is from 45 to 88 years.…”

Xanthogranulomatous endometritis presenting as pyometra and mimicking carcinoma on imaging

“…XGE is characterized by an intense collection of foamy histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, few polymorphonuclear cells, with or without the presence of multinucleated giant cells which are seen surrounding and/or destroying the normal structures of the tissue affected. [ 2 3 4 ] The XGE inflammation may be so extensive so as to make an impression of endometrial carcinoma clinically and on imaging studies. It may lead to a fatal outcome in case if not treated in time.…”