X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Halides

Abstract

Rare earth (RE) halides (fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides) have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The binding energies (BE’s) of the RE 3d and 4d peaks for the chlorides, bromides, and iodides are related to the atomic charge calculated on the basis of Pauling’s scale of electronegativity (Pauling charge). Except for Y and Lu, the observed RE 3d and 4d BE’s for the fluorides are lower than those expected. For Y and Lu, the observed RE 3d and 4d BE’s for all halides are related to the Pauling charge. For the fluorides and chlorides, the BE’s of the ligand peak show variations with increasing atomic number of RE’s and a specific “tetrad effect” is observed in plots of BE versus RE atomic number and versus 1/R (where R is the mean distance from the ligand atom to the neighboring RE atom), except for the BE’s of the F 1s peaks from the light RE fluorides. For the iodides and bromides, no or little characteristic variations are seen in the BE’s of I and Br.

Structural environment of chloride ion‐conducting solids based on lanthanum oxychloride

“…From the Cl 2p core level XPS spectra ( Figure 3A), the Cl 2p 3/2 and Cl 2p 1/2 peaks were observed in addition to the La 4p 3/2 peak. 34 The O1s peaks ( Figure 3B) can be divided into four peaks. For LaOCl as an example, the peak at 528.58 eV is attributed to the O 2− ion in the crystal lattice, and the other peaks at 530.51, 531.59, and 533.10 eV are assigned as the adsorbed oxygen species, hydroxy/carbonate on the surface, and adsorbed water, respectively.…”

Electrochemical formation of viologen nano/microsized wires and tubes by potential sweep technique combined with micellar disruption method

“…The Br 3d signal, assignable to bromide anion (binding energy, E b = ca. 69 eV [42]) was only found in the spectrum of the as-grown film (dotted curve in Fig. 7a).…”

Exploring the Phase‐Selective, Green, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Upconverting Doped Sodium Yttrium Fluoride: Effects of Temperature, Time, and Precursors

“…The doublet splitting in the Y3dr egion (2.0 eV) is in accordancew ith literature data for YF 3 (2.2 eV). [17] The corrected binding energies for the O1s, Na 1s, Y3d, Y3p, and F1sr egions are reported in Table 1.…”

“…In contrast to that, the ytterbium 4d peak could be identified at ac orrected binding of 186.3 eV,w hichi s in agreement with the data for trivalent ytterbium as described above. [17,[23][24] The binding energy of all elements after correction fors urface charging and the resultso ft he quantitative analysisa re listed in Ta ble6.…”