X‐ray microanalysis of cultured keratinocytes: methodological aspects and effects of the irritant sodium lauryl sulphate on elemental composition

Grängsjö, A.; Pihl‐Lundin, I.; Lindberg, Magnus; Roomans, Godfried M.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00724.x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3 Increased levels of magnesium and calcium ions, which may play a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, have been described in psoriatic keratinocytes and after sodium laurylsulfate-induced irritation. 4,5 Early in the process of wound healing the concentration of magnesium ions in wound fluid from porcine and rat skin is elevated. [6][7][8] Hairless rats fed a low magnesium diet developed a raised patchy erythematous rash consisting of nonfollicular plaques and papules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

Proksch¹,

Nissen²,

Bremgartner³

et al. 2004

Int J Dermatol

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Magnesium salts, the prevalent minerals in Dead Sea water, are known to exhibit favorable effects in inflammatory diseases. We examined the efficacy of bathing atopic subjects in a salt rich in magnesium chloride from deep layers of the Dead Sea (Mavena® Dermaline Mg 46 Dead Sea salt, Mavena AG, Belp, Switzerland).Volunteers with atopic dry skin submerged one forearm for 15 min in a bath solution containing 5% Dead Sea salt. The second arm was submerged in tap water as control. Before the study and at weeks 1-6, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin roughness, and skin redness were determined.We found one subgroup with a normal and one subgroup with an elevated TEWL before the study. Bathing in the Dead Sea salt solution significantly improved skin barrier function compared with the tap water-treated control forearm in the subgroup with elevated basal TEWL.Skin hydration was enhanced on the forearm treated with the Dead Sea salt in each group, which means the treatment moisturized the skin. Skin roughness and redness of the skin as a marker for inflammation were significantly reduced after bathing in the salt solution. This demonstrates that bathing in the salt solution was well tolerated, improved skin barrier function, enhanced stratum corneum hydration, and reduced skin roughness and inflammation.We suggest that the favorable effects of bathing in the Dead Sea salt solution are most likely related to the high magnesium content. Magnesium salts are known to bind water, influence epidermal proliferation and differentiation, and enhance permeability barrier repair.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

Proksch¹,

Nissen²,

Bremgartner³

et al. 2004

Int J Dermatol

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“…Examples of this are post-mortem changes in elemental content (Kuijpers and Roomans, 1980), various types of injury such as chemical, mechanical or radiation injury (e.g., Grängsjö et al, 1996;Wróblewski et al, , 2002, or changes due to anoxia, such as happens when tissue is removed from an experimental animal (Hongpaisan et al, 1996). Exposure of cultured cells to toxic or noxious substances will result in a similar pattern of elemental changes (Kampf et al, 1999;Grängsjö et al, 2000a;Kampf and Roomans, 2001). Also transient cell damage will give rise to changes with this pattern, although it is well possible that the changes are reversed when the cells recover (Hongpaisan et al, 1996).…”

Section: Elemental Changes Associated With Cellular Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellular concentration of P mainly reflects the phosphate groups of the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The preferred cations for these phosphate groups are K + and Mg 2+ , so it is to be expected that these elements follow the changes in P. Co-variance in Mg, P and K concentrations is frequently observed (Grängsjö et al, 2000a). If elemental ratios are used instead of absolute concentrations, the K/Na ratio (or the Na/K ratio) is a sensitive indicator.…”

Section: Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of X-ray microanalysis to the study of cell physiology in cells attached to biomaterials

Roomans

2002

eCM

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X-ray microanalysis is commonly applied in biomaterials research to study changes in biomaterial composition, calcifications, or to identify particulates in tissue that has been in contact with biomaterials. Studies where the effect of biomaterials on the naturally occurring elements in the cells are studied are rare. Exposure to or contact with biomaterials may give rise to several cellular reactions with characteristic changes in elemental patterns. Experimental systems in which cultured cells are exposed to biomaterials, and the resulting changes in elemental content measured by X-ray microanalysis are presented. Proliferation results in an increase in Mg, P and K. Injury and necrosis result in increased Na, Cl and Ca, and decreased K and Mg. The Na/K ratio is a sensitive indicator of cell damage. Apoptosis results in increased Na/K and an increase P/S ratios. Mechanical effects of biomaterials may cause changes in cellshape or cell volume that may result in volume-regulating ion fluxes, e.g., of chloride, accompanies by efflux of potassium. The multi-element detection capability of X-ray microanalysis makes it particularly suitable to detect these characteristic patterns of changes. The technique can also be used to define subpopulations of cells that differ with respect to their reactions to external stimuli.

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“…In vitro studies have shown that magnesium bromide and magnesium chloride inhibits the well‐known excessive proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes 3 . Increased levels of magnesium and calcium ions, which may play a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, have been described in psoriatic keratinocytes and after sodium laurylsulfate‐induced irritation 4,5 . Early in the process of wound healing the concentration of magnesium ions in wound fluid from porcine and rat skin is elevated 6–8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnesium salts, the prevalent minerals in Dead Sea water, are known to exhibit favorable effects in inflammatory diseases. We examined the efficacy of bathing atopic subjects in a salt rich in magnesium chloride from deep layers of the Dead Sea (Mavena(R) Dermaline Mg(46) Dead Sea salt, Mavena AG, Belp, Switzerland). Volunteers with atopic dry skin submerged one forearm for 15 min in a bath solution containing 5% Dead Sea salt. The second arm was submerged in tap water as control. Before the study and at weeks 1-6, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, skin roughness, and skin redness were determined. We found one subgroup with a normal and one subgroup with an elevated TEWL before the study. Bathing in the Dead Sea salt solution significantly improved skin barrier function compared with the tap water-treated control forearm in the subgroup with elevated basal TEWL. Skin hydration was enhanced on the forearm treated with the Dead Sea salt in each group, which means the treatment moisturized the skin. Skin roughness and redness of the skin as a marker for inflammation were significantly reduced after bathing in the salt solution. This demonstrates that bathing in the salt solution was well tolerated, improved skin barrier function, enhanced stratum corneum hydration, and reduced skin roughness and inflammation. We suggest that the favorable effects of bathing in the Dead Sea salt solution are most likely related to the high magnesium content. Magnesium salts are known to bind water, influence epidermal proliferation and differentiation, and enhance permeability barrier repair.

show abstract

X‐ray microanalysis of cultured keratinocytes: methodological aspects and effects of the irritant sodium lauryl sulphate on elemental composition

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

Application of X-ray microanalysis to the study of cell physiology in cells attached to biomaterials

Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin

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