X‐Ray Analysis of Microelements in Seeds of <i>Crambe abyssinica</i>

Hofsten, Angelica V.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb04813.x

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In castor beans, chemical analyses showed that the globoids were 77.5% phytin on a dry weight basis (21). X-ray analysis of the globoids in seeds of Crambe abyssinica showed the presence of high amounts of phosphorus and calcium and lesser amounts of sulfur, magnesium, potassium, and sodium (7). The x-ray study of Hofsten (7) was the first work that I know of in which EDX analysis was used to investigate seed tissue components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein Body Composition in Cuburbita maxima Cotyledons as Determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

Lott¹

1975

Plant Physiol.

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Energy dispersive x-ray analysis was used to study the composition of certain protein body components in Cucurbita maxima cotyledons. The globoid crystal was rich in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. This elemental composition provides further evidence that the globoid crystal in squash cotyledon protein bodies is composed of phytin, a myoinositol hexaphosphoric acid salt of potassium and magnesium. Calcium, a common component of phytin in many species, was absent or present in only trace amounts in the globoid crystals of squash. Results In Cucurbita maxima the structure of the protein bodies in cotyledon tissues of dormant and germinating seeds has been investigated with a variety of electron microscopic techniques (8)(9)(10). Cotyledon mesophyll cell protein bodies were found to have at least four components which are the proteinaceous matrix, the protein crystalloid, the soft globoid, and the globoid crystal. Due to the electron density of the globoid crystal, it was proposed that this region is rich in phytin (8).The energy dispersive x-ray analysis system makes possible an elemental analysis of chosen tissue regions (3). All elements of atomic number 11 (sodium) and higher in the periodic To check on the possibility that the fixation and dehydration procedure used above could have extracted materials from the globoid crystals, cotyledon tissue from dry seeds was sliced 1 mm thick, quick frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground in a mortar and pestle, and freeze-dried at low temperature using the method of Darley and Lott (2). The freeze-dried powder was dusted onto Formvar-coated grids prior to analysis. The electron-dense globoids could be readily identified.Analysis was conducted with a Philips 300 transmission electron microscope fitted with a Model 606 x-ray spectrometer, a Model 707A energy dispersive analysis of x-rays system and an EDIT system for EDAX International Inc. Samples at maximum distance from the grid bars were chosen for analySiS. RESULTSFixed and sectioned cotyledon tissue from seeds grown in several different places in North America was analyzed with EDX. The EDX analysis showed that magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium were the only major elements present in the globoid crystals from inside protein bodies of seeds grown at Rocky Ford, Colorado (Fig. 1); Oregon (Fig. 5); Summerland, British Columbia (Fig. 6); and Hamilton, Ontario (Fig. 7). The copper peaks present in Figures 3, 4, and 6 are due to x-rays originating from the copper support grids.EDX analysis of a section of a protein crystalloid surrounded by the proteinaceous matrix region revealed the presence of phosphorus, sulfur, and traces of chlorine (Figs. 2 and 3 X-RAY ANALYSIS OF SQUASH PROTEIN BODIESledons revealed the presence of phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium (Figs. 8 and 9) in approximately the same amounts and ratios as was found in globoid crystals in fixed and sectioned materials (Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7). In one small-sized globoid crystal a trace of calcium was detectable (Fig. 9). DISCUSSION Phosphorus...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The location of phytin inside seeds, in cases where it has been investigated, generally seems to be in the globoids of the protein bodies (7,11,23). Chemical analyses of cottonseed globoids showed the globoids to be 60% phytic acid, and also showed that this phytin accounted for 97.5% of the total phosphorus present (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Body Composition in Cuburbita maxima Cotyledons as Determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

Lott¹

1975

Plant Physiol.

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“…Phytin is thus a store of inositol, phosphorus, and various cations. While magnesium and potassium are the most commonly occurring cations found in globoid crystals, a range of other elements including calcium, sodium, iron, barium, and manganese have been reported (Buttrose 1978;Hofsten 1973;Sharma and Dieckert 1975;Tanaka et al 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Elemental composition of globoid crystals in protein bodies of wheat grain grown on soil treated with sewage sludge

Spitzer¹,

Webber²,

Lott³

1981

Can. J. Bot.

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Wheat grain grown on soil treated with a heavy application rate of sewage sludge exhibited higher iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium contents than did wheat grain grown on an unfertilized control treatment. The sludge supplied more than the maximum amounts of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead recommended for addition to Ontario agricultural lands.Globoid crystals, which are inclusions in protein bodies, are the major mineral storage component of wheat grain. The elemental composition of globoid crystals in wheat grain grown with and without sludge treatment was determined using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Globoid crystals from sludge-treated and control grains exhibited similar elemental compositions with the following exceptions. When comparing sludge-treated grains versus the controls: more globoid crystals in the aleurone layer farthest from the peduncle contained calcium; more coleoptile mesophyll globoid crystals contained calcium, manganese, and (or) iron; some globoid crystals in the young foliage leaves contained manganese; and some globoid crystals in the stele of the radicle contained calcium. The globoid crystals exhibited no tendency to accumulate toxic metals supplied by the sludge indicating that the mineral storage system in wheat is remarkably specific despite varying soil conditions.

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“…Hofsten 1970, 197 4a), chemical, physiological (Bengtsson et al 1970) and some mineral (v. Hofsten 1973(v. Hofsten , 1974b Bell et al (1972) (Spurr 1969 (Fig. 9).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Calcium magnesium phytate up to l07o of dry weight is known to occur in seeds of cruciferous species (v. Hofsten 1973 …”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and Mineral Distribution in Heat-Damaged Rapeseed

Mills¹,

Chong²

1977

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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X‐Ray Analysis of Microelements in Seeds of Crambe abyssinica

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Protein Body Composition in Cuburbita maxima Cotyledons as Determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

Protein Body Composition in Cuburbita maxima Cotyledons as Determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

Elemental composition of globoid crystals in protein bodies of wheat grain grown on soil treated with sewage sludge

Ultrastructure and Mineral Distribution in Heat-Damaged Rapeseed

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