Writing profiles: the effect of the writing mode on pausing and revision patterns of experienced writers

Revision in Second Language Writing: What Teachers Need to Know

“…For example, Bridwell, Sirc, and Brooke (1985) found no effects for the use of the computer on the revising processes of L1 writers except for an increase in the number of surface-level, typographical changes they made, and more concern with the visual appearance of the text (i.e., layout). Similarly, Van Waes and Schellens (2003) found that in comparison with participants who used pen and paper, those using a word-processor tended to revise more extensively at the beginning of the writing process, but did not normally undertake any systematic revision of their work before finishing. Li (2006), by contrast, reported that the 21 adult Chinese advanced students of English in her study paid more attention to higher-order thinking activities while evaluating their written texts, revised significantly more at most levels, and obtained higher scores in argumentation when they word-processed their essays.…”

How do secondary school students write poetry? How creative writing processes relate to final products.

“…Other researchers have studied writing processes indirectly, for example by analysing the final product or by examining traces of the writing process from computer records of the work in progress. In the case of expository genres, typical patterns of writing behaviour have been identified for different writers, based on computer records of the writing process (Levy & Ransdell, 1996;Van Waes & Schellens, 2003). In these studies, researchers have focused on pausing behaviour, revision and text production.…”

“…We assume that differences in poem quality are a result of different processes or a different organization of sub processes, reflected in observable patterns of writing behaviour (Levy & Ransdell, 1996;Van Waes & Schellens, 2003). Furthermore, we assume that different writing activities have a different impact depending on the moment in the writing process when they are employed (Breetvelt et al, 1994).…”

Pauses as Indicators of Cognitive Effort in Post-editing Machine Translation Output

“…These findings reflect Cenoz's claim that pause and hesitation phenomena are subject to individual variation. Van Waes and Schellens (2003) found that the mode of writing influences pause behaviour. In their analysis of pauses by users who wrote using pen and paper and those who wrote using a word processor, they discovered that, for pauses longer than 3 seconds, computer writers paused 70% more often than pen and paper writers, suggesting that the use of a word processor tends to result in a more fragmented writing process (ibid:838).…”