Wrinkling of a stiff thin film bonded to a pre-strained, compliant substrate with finite thickness

Ma, Yinji; Xue, Yeguang; Jang, Kyung In; Feng, Xue; Rogers, John A.

doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0339

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 4a presents a schematic illustration of a process for fabricating wavy films of PI bonded on to a low modulus silicone substrate (Silbione) 39 . At small applied strain, the wrinkled PI film has a negligible stiffness and does not contribute to the tensile stiffness of the system 96 . The result is a low elastic modulus (Stage I in Figure 4b), with a value that is almost the same as the intrinsic value of the substrate.…”

Section: Wavy and Wrinkled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Release of the pre-strain in the substrate leads to the bending of the system with a curvature κH = 6[9 Ē f h 3 /( Ē s H 3 )] 1/3 , when no additional constraints are involved 96 . If such bending is noticeable, it can be eliminated by adopting additional constraints, e.g., through use of fixture to minimize the rotations of the system at two ends during the release of the pre-strain.…”

Section: Wavy and Wrinkled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and application of ‘J-shaped’ stress–strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review

et al. 2017

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A variety of natural biological tissues (e.g., skin, ligaments, spider silk, blood vessel) exhibit ‘J-shaped’ stress-strain behavior, thereby combining soft, compliant mechanics and large levels of stretchability, with a natural ‘strain-limiting’ mechanism to prevent damage from excessive strain. Synthetic materials with similar stress-strain behaviors have potential utility in many promising applications, such as tissue engineering (to reproduce the nonlinear mechanical properties of real biological tissues) and biomedical devices (to enable natural, comfortable integration of stretchable electronics with biological tissues/organs). Recent advances in this field encompass developments of novel material/structure concepts, fabrication approaches, and unique device applications. This review highlights five representative strategies, including designs that involve open network, wavy and wrinkled morphoologies, helical layouts, kirigami and origami constructs, and textile formats. Discussions focus on the underlying ideas, the fabrication/assembly routes, and the microstructure-property relationships that are essential for optimization of the desired ‘J-shaped’ stress-strain responses. Demonstration applications provide examples of the use of these designs in deformable electronics and biomedical devices that offer soft, compliant mechanics but with inherent robustness against damage from excessive deformation. We conclude with some perspectives on challenges and opportunities for future research.

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Section: Wavy and Wrinkled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wavy and Wrinkled Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and application of ‘J-shaped’ stress–strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review

et al. 2017

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“…The bending can modify strongly the critical strain as well as the amplitude and the wavelength of the wrinkles . The period of wrinkles becomes independent of the substrate thickness H when the ratio between the bending stiffnesses of the superficial film and that of the substrate, x = ( E sl h 3 )/( E s H 3 ), is less than 0.01 . Application of this criterion to our system with the values E sl , E s , and h given above, and the substrate thickness H = 500 µm gives x = 4.6 × 10 −4 shows that the formulas – can be, in principle, applied to our system.…”

Section: Wrinkled Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…As mentioned in the Introduction, in case of substrates of finite thickness, wrinkling of the films is always accompanied by their bending . Figure S6b in the Supporting Information shows two examples of the films, for the same relative laser power (18%) and scan velocity (20%), but for different numbers of the scans (5 and 10).…”

Section: Interaction Of the Infrared Laser Irradiation With The Pdms mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For films with finite thickness, these formulas should be used with cautiousness because the stress relaxation in the films is always accompanied by bending of the films. The bending can modify strongly the critical strain as well as the amplitude and the wavelength of the wrinkles . The period of wrinkles becomes independent of the substrate thickness H when the ratio between the bending stiffnesses of the superficial film and that of the substrate, x = ( E sl h 3 )/( E s H 3 ), is less than 0.01 .…”

Section: Wrinkled Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser‐Assisted Strain Engineering of Thin Elastomer Films to Form Variable Wavy Substrates for Cell Culture

Tomba

Petithory

Pedron

et al. 2019

Small

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Endothelial and epithelial cells usually grow on a curved environment, at the surface of organs, which many techniques have tried to reproduce. Here a simple method is proposed to control curvature of the substrate. Prestrained thin elastomer films are treated by infrared laser irradiation in order to rigidify the surface of the film. Wrinkled morphologies are produced upon stress relaxation for irradiation doses above a critical value. Wrinkle wavelength and depth are controlled by the prestrain, the laser power, and the speed at which the laser scans the film surface. Stretching of elastomer substrates with a “sand clock”‐width profile enables the generation of a stress gradient, which results in patterns of wrinkles with a depth gradient. Thus, different combinations of topography changes on the same substrate can be generated. The wavelength and the depth of the wrinkles, which have the characteristic values within a range of several tens of µm, can be dynamically regulated by the substrate reversible stretching. It is shown that these anisotropic features are efficient substrates to control polarization of cell shapes and orientation of their migration. With this approach a flexible tool is provided for a wide range of applications in cell biophysics studies.

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Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

Reis Carneiro,

Majidi,

Tavakoli

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Soft and stretchable electronics have diverse applications in the fields of compliant bioelectronics, textile‐integrated wearables, novel forms of mechanical sensors, electronics skins, and soft robotics. In recent years, multiple material architectures have been proposed for highly deformable circuits that can undergo large tensile strains without losing electronic functionality. Among them, gallium‐based liquid metals benefit from fluidic deformability, high electrical conductivity, and self‐healing property. However, their deposition and patterning is challenging. Biphasic material architectures are recently proposed as a method to address this problem, by combining advantages of solid‐phase materials and composites, with liquid deformability and self‐healing of liquid phase conductors, thus moving toward scalable fabrication of reliable stretchable circuits. This article reviews recent biphasic conductor architectures that combine gallium‐based liquid‐phase conductors, with solid‐phase particles and polymers, and their application in fabrication of soft electronic systems. In particular, various material combinations for the solid and liquid phases in the biphasic conductor, as well as methods used to print and pattern biphasic conductive compounds, are discussed. Finally, some applications that benefit from biphasic architectures are reviewed.

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Wrinkling of a stiff thin film bonded to a pre-strained, compliant substrate with finite thickness

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Design and application of ‘J-shaped’ stress–strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review

Design and application of ‘J-shaped’ stress–strain behavior in stretchable electronics: a review

Laser‐Assisted Strain Engineering of Thin Elastomer Films to Form Variable Wavy Substrates for Cell Culture

Gallium‐Based Liquid–Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics

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