World Medical Association Meets in Helsinki

Gilder, S. S. B.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5404.299

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to conducting formal experiment. The experimental procedure was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki guidelines as per the World Health Organization [26] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Prediction on the Perception for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces

Ran

Zhang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Human beings do not passively perceive important social features about others such as race and age in social interactions. Instead, it is proposed that humans might continuously generate predictions about these social features based on prior similar experiences. Pre-awareness of racial information conveyed by others' faces enables individuals to act in “culturally appropriate” ways, which is useful for interpersonal relations in different ethnicity groups. However, little is known about the effects of prediction on the perception for own-race and other-race faces. Here, we addressed this issue using high temporal resolution event-related potential techniques. In total, data from 24 participants (13 women and 11 men) were analyzed. It was found that the N170 amplitudes elicited by other-race faces, but not own-race faces, were significantly smaller in the predictable condition compared to the unpredictable condition, reflecting a switch to holistic processing of other-race faces when those faces were predictable. In this respect, top-down prediction about face race might contribute to the elimination of the other-race effect (one face recognition impairment). Furthermore, smaller P300 amplitudes were observed for the predictable than for unpredictable conditions, which suggested that the prediction of race reduced the neural responses of human brains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Prediction on the Perception for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces

Ran

Zhang

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…The experimental procedure was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki guidelines as per the WHO [17]. Participants reported no direct contact with members of other racial (White) groups.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human sex differences in emotional processing of own-race and other-race faces

2014

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There is evidence that women and men show differences in the perception of affective facial expressions. However, none of the previous studies directly investigated sex differences in emotional processing of own-race and other-race faces. The current study addressed this issue using high time resolution event-related potential techniques. In total, data from 25 participants (13 women and 12 men) were analyzed. It was found that women showed increased N170 amplitudes to negative White faces compared with negative Chinese faces over the right hemisphere electrodes. This result suggests that women show enhanced sensitivity to other-race faces showing negative emotions (fear or disgust), which may contribute toward evolution. However, the current data showed that men had increased N170 amplitudes to happy Chinese versus happy White faces over the left hemisphere electrodes, indicating that men show enhanced sensitivity to own-race faces showing positive emotions (happiness). In this respect, men might use past pleasant emotional experiences to boost recognition of own-race faces.

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“…The data were analyzed anonymously, and personally-identifying information was handled confidentially. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and the methods were carried out in accordance with the Helsinki guidelines as per the WHO (Gilder, 1964 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Modulates Neural Responses to Unpredictable Emotional Faces in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Ran

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Unpredictability about upcoming emotional events disrupts our ability to prepare for them and ultimately results in anxiety. Here, we investigated how attention modulates the neural responses to unpredictable emotional events. Brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants performed a variation of the emotional task. Behaviorally, we reported a fear-unpredictable effect and a happy-unpredictable effect. The fMRI results showed increased activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for unpredictable fear faces (Experiment 1) and decreased activity in the left dlPFC for unpredictable happy faces (Experiment 2) when these faces were unattended, probably reflecting that unpredictability amplifies the negative impact of fear faces and reduces the positive impact of happy faces. More importantly, it was found that the right dlPFC activity to unpredictable fear faces was diminished (Experiment 1) and the left dlPFC activity to unpredictable happy faces was enhanced (Experiment 2) when these faces were attended. These results suggest that attention may contribute to reducing the unpredictability about future emotional events.

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World Medical Association Meets in Helsinki

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Prediction on the Perception for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces

The Effects of Prediction on the Perception for Own-Race and Other-Race Faces

Human sex differences in emotional processing of own-race and other-race faces

Attention Modulates Neural Responses to Unpredictable Emotional Faces in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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