Work in the Family and in the Labor Market: A Cross-National, Reciprocal Analysis

Kalleberg, Arne L.; Rosenfeld, Rachel A.

doi:10.2307/353030

Cited by 116 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…To date, most of the research on the association between housework and paid work has been conducted in Western industrial countries (Baxter, 2002;Kalleberg & Rosenfeld, 1990;Nakhaie, 1995;Twiggs et al, 1999). The present study has shed light on the association between housework and paid work in disadvantaged communities in the Arab Middle East, where cultural norms give authority to men and gender roles are clearly established.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Most researchers to date have analyzed household tasks in relation to married couples only (Baxter, 2002;Brines, 1994;Kalleberg & Rosenfeld, 1990;McFarlane et al, 2000;Nakhaie, 1995;Sanchez, 1993). There are few studies of the division of household labor among family members other than the married couple, such as children, other adults in the household, or single parent families (Demo & Acock, 1993;Manke & Seery, 1994;South & Spitze, 1994).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paid Work and Domestic Labor in Disadvantaged Communities on the Outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon

2006

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This article explored the association between economic activity and the contribution to domestic labor in a Middle Eastern society. Analyses were carried out on cross-sectional survey data from 5,998 individuals, aged between 18 and 64 years, in three poor communities in the suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon. Domestic labor was evaluated with a composite index that takes into account both the type of task performed and the level of involvement. Housework categories included core household chores, care giving, financial management, home management, and home/car maintenance. Results showed that women continue to do most of the domestic labor in the three communities. However, women's load of domestic labor decreased as they joined the labor market, whereas men's contribution to domestic labor increased with involvement in paid work. Relatively speaking, the difference in contribution to housework between house members engaged and not engaged in paid labor was much higher for women than it was for men. KeywordsDomestic labor; Housework; Paid work; Patriarchy; Middle East; Lebanon Women have been traditionally designated to perform housework (Coltrane, 2000;Grana, Moore, Wilson, & Miller, 1993;Shelton & John, 1996). Studies in the literature have highlighted a shift in gender roles and an increase in women's participation in the labor force over the past four decades (Apparala, Reifman, & Munsch, 2003;Bolak, 1997;Corrigall & Konrad, 2006;Grana et al., 1993;McKeen & Bu, 2005;Spade & Reese, 1991;Starrels, 1994). A large body of literature has addressed the gendered division of household tasks in Western societies (Coltrane, 2000;Demo & Acock, 1993;Shelton & John, 1996;Twiggs, McQuillan, & Ferree, 1999). Studies have shown an increasing contribution of men especially when women participate in the labor force (Brines, 1994;Hossain & Roopnarine, 1993;Nakhaie, 1995). Research in Western societies has shown that the relative contributions of household members to domestic labor are affected by their labor force participation, whether they generate an income or not, and how dependent they are on others for economic support (Baxter, 2002;Bianchi, Milkie, Sayer, & Robinson, 2000;Blood & Wolfe, 1960;Brines, 1994;Coltrane, 2000;Greenstein, 2000;McFarlane, Beaujot, & Haddad, 2000). It follows that women contribute less to household labor when their involvement in paid work gives them an income and decreases available time to perform housework. As more women join the work force, researchers have hypothesized that their load of household tasks lessens and is absorbed by men within the household (Baxter, 2002;Brayfield, 1992) or by paid helpers.Correspondence to: Rima R. Habib. UKPMC Funders Group UKPMC Funders Group Author Manuscript UKPMC Funders Group Author ManuscriptOn the other hand, the results of other research suggest that women's economic activity and income do not reduce their contribution to household labor in societies where marital power and financial resources remain in the hands of men (Diefenbach, 2002;Greenstein...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paid Work and Domestic Labor in Disadvantaged Communities on the Outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon

2006

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“…First, while the study tests a non-recursive feedback model, these analyses are limited by the use of cross-sectional data. The few studies that also examine the reciprocal effects of work on family have also been conducted using cross-sectional data (e.g., Kalleberg & Rosenfeld, 1990;Tenbrunsel et al, 1995); however, the findings presented in this study should be interpreted with caution and taken to be initial indicators of the dynamic relationships between work and family. Future research should examine longitudinal panel data collected at several points in time.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relationships among work and family constructs may vary by gender (e.g., Kalleberg & Rosenfeld, 1990;Tenbrunsel et al, 1995). Research on gender role expectations suggests that observed gender differences are often a function of the divergent social roles and societal expectations for women and men (Eagly, 1987).…”

Section: Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles

Rothbard

2001

Administrative Science Quarterly

1,391

1,383

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This study develops a model of engagement in the multiple roles of work and family. I examine two competing arguments about the effects of engaging in multiple roles, depletion and enrichment, and integrate them by identifying the type of emotional response to a role, negative or positive, as a critical contrasting assumption held by these two perspectives. Moreover, I represent depletion and enrichment as complex multistep processes that include multiple constructs, such as engagement and emotion. This study jointly examines both the depleting and enriching processes that link engagement in one role to engagement in another, using structural equation modeling. Findings from a survey of 790 employees reveal evidence for both depletion and enrichment as well as gender differences. Specifically, depletion existed only for women and only in the work-to-family direction. Men experienced enrichment from work to family, while women experienced enrichment from family to work. Overall, more linkages were found between work and family for women than for men.

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“…Kalleberg and Rosenfeld 1990;Shirley and Wallace 2004). Almost all data on household work are interview data, which is why the sample sizes are usually fairly small.…”

Section: Care For Sick Children As a Proxy For Gender Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Care for Sick Children as a Proxy for Gender Equality in the Family

Eriksson

Nermo

2009

Soc Indic Res

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Swedish parents are entitled to government paid benefits to take care of sick children. In this paper we show that the gender distribution of paid care for sick children is a good proxy for the gender division of household work. Using two examples we show that registry data on care for sick children is a useful data source for studies on gender equality. Our first example shows that increased effort at work by one spouse leads to a lower effort in household work for this spouse, and a higher effort at home for the other spouse. Our second example provides some evidence for a procyclical pattern in gender equality.

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Work in the Family and in the Labor Market: A Cross-National, Reciprocal Analysis

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Paid Work and Domestic Labor in Disadvantaged Communities on the Outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon

Paid Work and Domestic Labor in Disadvantaged Communities on the Outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon

Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles

Care for Sick Children as a Proxy for Gender Equality in the Family

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