Women's off-farm work and gender stratification

Deseran, Forrest A.; Simpkins, Neller Ree

doi:10.1016/0743-0167(91)90047-v

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Much of existing research on gender and farming has focused on unequal gender divisions of labour in agricultural production and has emphasised the importance of farmers' wives' economic contribution to the rural economy (Ashton 1994;Barthez 1983;Berlan-Darqué and Gasson 1991;Buttel and Gillepsie 1984;Deseran and Simpkins 1991;Gasson 1992;Lagrave 1987;Little 1990;Sachs 1983;Shaver 1991;Symes 1991). Whatmore (1991) also looked at unequal gender relations in farming families but went further in exploring the processes by which gender relations and identities were actively shaped, negotiated and altered through daily practice.…”

Section: Gender and Farming: Existing Research And New Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

Saugères¹

2002

Sociologia Ruralis

111

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T he aim of this paper is to explore how cultural constructions of masculinity in a French farming community in southern France are articulated around ideas of masculine power as symbolised by agricultural machinery -notably tractors. This paper is centred around three main points. First, it is shown how male farmers use agricultural technology to reproduce and reinforce patriarchal ideologies which marginalise and exclude women from farming. Second, it is argued that tractors have become a symbol of masculine power and domination over women and nature. Third, it is shown that tractors can however become the site for contestation of patriarchal gender relations.Research has revealed that even though wider processes of agricultural and rural restructuring in the West have led to changes in gender relations, farm women are still marginalised from agricultural production (Barthez

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Section: Gender and Farming: Existing Research And New Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

Saugères¹

2002

Sociologia Ruralis

111

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“…1988), local labor markets (Bell et aI. 1990), level of market integration (Whatmore 1991), importance of gender stratification (Deseran and Simpkins 1991), and the differences in the place oforigin offarm men and women (Gasson and Winter 1992).…”

Section: The Research Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Question of the Feminization of Production on Part‐time Farms: Evidence from Norway¹

Blekesaune¹,

Haney

Haugen

1993

Rural Sociology

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The argument that production on part‐time farms has been feminized is evaluated using longitudinal and indepth interview data sets from communities throughout Norway. Time‐series data suggest that traditional part‐time farms are not being reproduced in Norway. Rather, there is a shift toward modern forms of part‐time farming; in its most common form, women juggle off‐farm, farm, and household work while men farm or combine farming with an off‐farm job. As some women shift or reduce their labor input to the farm, others opt to become independent female farmers. What has emerged is an increasing number of two‐career households with male and, less frequently, female farmers whose working spouses contribute some labor to die farm. In all cases, women continue to do most, if not all, of the domestic housework.

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“…Although women are encouraged to pursue education and a career, they are still expected to carry the household burden. The lamentations of the Bhutanese women are similar to the frustrations expressed by women in Western nations about the tensions and dichotomy between the “men's world of employment” and the “women's world of the family” (Deseran and Simpkins, 1991, p. 92). In spite of moving towards an egalitarian society, these women experience the tensions of domesticity, social expectations and patriarchy:I still have to do the cooking, cleaning and everything.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Entangled between tradition and modernity: the experiences of Bhutanese working women

Dayaram

Pick²

2012

Society and Business Review

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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the shifting roles of Bhutanese women in employment and family as they navigate tensions between tradition and modernity.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve greater understanding of the experiences of the women in this research, a theoretical framework dubbed a “matrix of entanglements” is developed and tested through the analysis of qualitative interview data from 38 Bhutanese working women. In doing so the ways in which these women reconcile competing demands on their personal resources are assessed.FindingsIt is found that the women are experiencing entanglements as they negotiate western endogenous modernity, an emerging “Bhutanese modernity”, and traditional social, cultural, economic and political patterns.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this research is limited to a single nation, it demonstrates the potential usefulness of applying a “matrix of entanglements” as an analytical tool. In conducting the analysis, questions are raised about genuine development as opposed to new globalized circumstances that seem to serve the purposes of powerful economic and political groups inside and outside Bhutan rather than broader society.Practical implicationsThe analysis has illuminated the extent to which the Bhutanese “mid‐way” economic/cultural policy goals may be compromized by global influences beyond the control of state actors.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new way of conceptualizing the problems confronted by working women in developing nations as they try to reconcile the competing demands of tradition and modernity.

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Women's off-farm work and gender stratification

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

On the Question of the Feminization of Production on Part‐time Farms: Evidence from Norway¹

Entangled between tradition and modernity: the experiences of Bhutanese working women

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Women's off-farm work and gender stratification

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

Of tractors and men: masculinity, technology and power in a French farming community

On the Question of the Feminization of Production on Part‐time Farms: Evidence from Norway1

Entangled between tradition and modernity: the experiences of Bhutanese working women

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On the Question of the Feminization of Production on Part‐time Farms: Evidence from Norway¹