Wireless sensor networks: A survey on monitoring water quality

Abstract

Diseases related to poor water and sanitation conditions have over 200 million cases reported annually, causing 5-10 million deaths worldwide. Water quality monitoring has thus become essential to the supply of clean and safe water. Conventional monitoring processes involve manual collection of samples from various points in the distribution network, followed by laboratory testing and analysis. This process has proved to be ineffective since it is laborious, time consuming and lacks real-time results to promote proactive response to water contamination. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have since been considered a promising alternative to complement conventional monitoring processes. These networks are relatively affordable and allow measurements to be taken remotely, in real-time and with minimal human intervention. This work surveys the application of WSN in environmental monitoring, with particular emphasis on water quality. Various WSN based water quality monitoring methods suggested by other authors are studied and analyzed, taking into account their coverage, energy and security concerns. The work also compares and evaluates sensor node architectures proposed the various authors in terms of monitored parameters, microcontroller/microprocessor units (MCU) and wireless communication standards adopted, localization, data security implementation, power supply architectures, autonomy and potential application scenarios.

Modeling of Smart Water Control Mechanism using IoT

“…The presented model is introduced to apply to a realistic case study that shows the efficiency of the given control technique. By Pule and Chuma [22] the WSNs is used to study the survey work which is used in monitoring the quality of the water. The many authors proposed the data security execution, power supply designs, potential application, and wireless communication to monitor the parameter.…”

Efficient energy resource utilization in a wireless sensor system for monitoring water quality

“…The systems are intended to complement the existing traditional systems for effective monitoring of water and its quality, in order to combat the problem of contamination in water [1,2,6]. Across the globe, an approximate estimate of 250 million cases of disease caused by polluted water is reported annually [7]. These diseases are responsible for human death and claims up to about ten million lives across the globe annually [7].…”

“…Across the globe, an approximate estimate of 250 million cases of disease caused by polluted water is reported annually [7]. These diseases are responsible for human death and claims up to about ten million lives across the globe annually [7]. This is an indication that water problems caused by contaminants are major issues in this dispensation.…”

WaterS: A Sigfox‐compliant prototype for water monitoring

“…It enables different applications ranging from health care, home and industrial automation, environmental monitoring, robotic and avionics. Besides the many concerns, environmental impact and eco‐sustainability can be directly addressed thanks to dedicated technologies. In the context of environmental monitoring, the IoT can be adopted in water quality monitoring systems.…”

“… Besides the many concerns, environmental impact and eco‐sustainability can be directly addressed thanks to dedicated technologies. In the context of environmental monitoring, the IoT can be adopted in water quality monitoring systems. In remote, harsh or difficult to reach contexts (such as swamps, dams, seas and lakes) some of the main communication protocol solutions can be employed to periodically gather peculiar parameters (eg, pH, turbidity, and temperature).…”