WaterS: A Sigfox‐compliant prototype for water monitoring

Gennaro, Pietro Di; Lofù, Domenico; Daniele, Vitanio; Tedeschi, Pietro; Boccadoro, Pietro

doi:10.1002/itl2.74

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Saravanan et al (2017) used the LoRa network for a pilot project of smart water grid management in Mori, a village near to Bay of Bengal in India [113]. More recently, Di Gennaro et al (2019) suggested a prototype water quality monitoring system using SigFox that includes units of pH, turbidity and temperature sensors, and a global positioning system (GPS) module, which also has the advantage of being low-cost and having a low power consumption [114]. These prototype LPWA studies suggest a possible advance of water quality monitoring paradigm with low cost and wide range in the near future.…”

Section: Wireless Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality

Park

Kim

Lee

2020

Water

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Water quality control and management in water resources are important for providing clean and safe water to the public. Due to their large area, collection, analysis, and management of a large amount of water quality data are essential. Water quality data are collected mainly by manual field sampling, and recently real-time sensor monitoring has been increasingly applied for efficient data collection. However, real-time sensor monitoring still relies on only a few parameters, such as water level, velocity, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH. Although advanced sensing technologies, such as hyperspectral images (HSI), have been used for the areal monitoring of algal bloom, other water quality sensors for organic compounds, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) still need to be further developed and improved for field applications. The utilization of information and communications technology (ICT) with sensor technology shows great potential for the monitoring, transmission, and management of field water-quality data and thus for developing effective water quality management. This paper presents a review of the recent advances in ICT and field applicable sensor technology for monitoring water quality, mainly focusing on water resources, such as rivers and lakes, and discusses the challenges and future directions.

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Section: Wireless Sensor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality

Park

Kim

Lee

2020

Water

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“…The standard deploys differential binary phase-shift keying (DBPSK) and the Gaussian frequency shift keying which allows connectivity on the ISM frequency band. Sigfox operates on 902 MHz and 868 MHz in USA and Europe respectively [ 49 ]. Initial Sigfox release was only one directional communication system; however, the recent release supports a bidirectional communication.…”

Section: Lpwan Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

Alimi

Ouahada

Abu‐Mahfouz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is among the fastest growing networks in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Owing to varieties of outstanding features which include long range communication and low power consumption, LPWANs are fast becoming the most widely deployed connectivity standards in IoT domain. However, this promising network are exposed to various security and privacy threats and challenges. For reliable connectivity within networks, the security and privacy challenges need to be effectively addressed with proper mitigation protocol in place. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the security feature of LPWAN is presented. The paper mainly focuses on analyzing LPWAN’s key cybersecurity architecture and it present a significant emphasis on how the LPWAN is highly attractive to intruders and attackers. This paper aims at summarizing recent research works on key LPWAN security challenges such as replay attack, denial-of-service attack, worm hole attack, and eavesdropping attack, the effect of the attacks, and most importantly the various approaches proposed in the literature for the attacks’ mitigation. The paper concludes by highlighting major research gaps and future directions for the successful deployment of LPWAN.

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“…Nevertheless, despite the importance of the surveyed solutions, none of them was able to thoroughly fulfill the key requirements and challenges of the IoT domain. Counterwise, the WaterS system [15] proposes itself as a thorough, standalone, energy-efficient, and standard-compliant prototype. It envisages a real experimental testbed for measuring and forecasting water quality parameters.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…our WaterS prototype, (ii) the Sigfox Base Station (BS), (iii) the Sigfox Cloud, (iv) the application server, and (v) an end-user application. As for the former, the WaterS [15] endnode can be defined as an IoT device mainly conceived as an energy-efficient and Sigfox-compliant sensing unit, able to periodically gather geo-referenced water quality information. The sensed values are properly handled and pre-processed by the remote network server according to the Sigfox protocol.…”

Section: Design and System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the many fields that could benefit from the introduction of IoT technologies, water quality monitoring is certainly one of the most relevant and recently investigated [6]- [14]. In this context, WaterS [15] has been already proven to be able to provide remote monitoring capabilities for some of the most representative water quality indicators (i.e., temperature and turbidity). At the same time, the WaterS architecture provides an energy-harvesting and an ultra-low-power Sigfox-compliant radio interface to keep track of the continuous monitoring activities carried out by the IoT architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Quality Prediction on a Sigfox-compliant IoT Device: The Road Ahead of WaterS

Boccadoro,

Daniele,

Di Gennaro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Water pollution is a critical issue that can affects humans' health and the entire ecosystem thus inducing economical and social concerns. In this paper, we focus on an Internet of Things water quality prediction system, namely WaterS, that can remotely communicate the gathered measurements leveraging Low-Power Wide Area Network technologies. The solution addresses the water pollution problem while taking into account the peculiar Internet of Things constraints such as energy efficiency and autonomy as the platform is equipped with a photovoltaic cell. At the base of our solution, there is a Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network used for time series prediction. It results as an efficient solution to predict water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, oxygen, and temperature. The water quality parameters measurements involved in this work are referred to the Tiziano Project dataset in a reference time period spanning from 2007 to 2012. The LSTM applied to predict the water quality parameters achieves high accuracy and a low Mean Absolute Error of 0.20, a Mean Square Error of 0.092, and finally a Cosine Proximity of 0.94. The obtained results were widely analyzed in terms of protocol suitability and network scalability of the current architecture towards large-scale deployments. From a networking perspective, with an increasing number of Sigfox-enabling enddevices, the Packet Error Rate increases as well up to 4% with the largest envisioned deployment. Finally, the source code of WaterS ecosystem has been released as open-source, to encourage and promote research activities from both Industry and Academia.

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WaterS: A Sigfox‐compliant prototype for water monitoring

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality

Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality

A Survey on the Security of Low Power Wide Area Networks: Threats, Challenges, and Potential Solutions

Water Quality Prediction on a Sigfox-compliant IoT Device: The Road Ahead of WaterS

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