Wireless Real-Time Temperature Monitoring of Blood Packages: Silver Nanowire-Embedded Flexible Temperature Sensors

Abstract

Real-time temperature monitoring of individual blood packages capable of wireless data transmission to ensure the safety of blood samples and minimize wastes has become a critical issue in recent years. In this work, we propose flexible temperature sensors using silver nanowires (NWs) and a flexible colorless polyimide (CPI) film integrated with a wireless data transmission circuit. The unique design of the temperature sensors was achieved by patterning Ag NWs using a three-dimensional printed mold and embedding the patterned Ag NWs in the CPI film (p-Ag NWs/CPI), which resulted in a flexible temperature sensor with electrical, mechanical, and temperature stability for applications in blood temperature monitoring. Indeed, a reliable resistance change of the p-Ag NWs/CPI was observed in the temperature range of −20 to 20 °C with a robust bending stability of up to 5000 cycles at 5 mm bending radius. Real-time and wireless temperature monitoring using the p-Ag NWs/CPI was demonstrated with the packages of rat blood. The result revealed that the stable and consistent temperature monitoring of individual blood packages could be achieved in a blood box, which was mainly attributed to the conformal attachment of the p-Ag NWs/CPI to different packages in a blood container.

Black Phosphorus@Laser‐Engraved Graphene Heterostructure‐Based Temperature–Strain Hybridized Sensor for Electronic‐Skin Applications

“…[11] A flexible and stretchable temperature sensor can be conformally attached to curved or bent surfaces (e.g., human skin and blood packages at a blood bank). Such sensors using resistance temperature detectors generally employ metallic conductors such as platinum (Pt), [2] silver nanowires (AgNWs), [12] silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), [3] and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on a flexible substrate. To date, different kinds of materials such as graphene and its derivatives (e.g., rGO and graphite) composited with PEDOT:PSS, [13,14] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and cationic polymer (PEI) [5] have been explored for use in thermoresistive temperature sensors.…”

Physical sensors for skin‐inspired electronics

“…Inspired by human skin, researchers have developed flexible, stretchable, and biocompatible temperature sensors. According to the working mechanisms, temperature sensors can be divided into resistance‐type temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, pyroelectric‐type temperature sensors, thermoelectric‐type temperature sensors, and so on. The details of skin‐inspired temperature sensors are reviewed in this section.…”

“…Metal materials (eg, Pt, Au, Ag, and Mg) are conventional active materials used in RTDs. RTDs for medical monitoring have been paid more and more attention.…”

Bio‐Multifunctional Smart Wearable Sensors for Medical Devices

“…Moreover, changes in a human body's normal temperature are very small, and health‐monitoring temperature sensors require not only high resolution, high precision, high sensitivity, and wide detection range, but also biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility . At present, wearable temperature sensors also use a variety of nanomaterials, including conductive polymers, graphene, CNTs, nickel, silver, and copper metal nanoparticles and nanowires as thermal‐sensing elements.…”