Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is sensitive to external stimuli.In recent years, an increasing number of skin-inspired electronics, including wearable electronics, implantable electronics, and electronic skin, have been developed because of their broad applications in healthcare and robotics.Physical sensors are one of the key building blocks of skin-inspired electronics. Typical physical sensors include mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, electrophysiological sensors, and so on. In this review, we systematically review the latest advances of skin-inspired mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors. The working mechanisms, key materials, device structures, and performance of various physical sensors are summarized and discussed in detail. Their applications in health monitoring, human disease diagnosis and treatment, and intelligent robots are reviewed. In addition, several novel properties of skin-inspired physical sensors such as versatility, self-healability, and implantability are introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of physical sensors for practical applications are discussed and proposed. K E Y W O R D Selectronics skin, flexible electronics, humidity sensors, mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, wearable sensors

In this paper, a unified linear minimum mean-square-error (LMMSE) transceiver design framework is investigated, which is suitable for a wide range of wireless systems. The unified design is based on an elegant and powerful mathematical programming technology termed as quadratic matrix programming (QMP). Based on QMP it can be observed that for different wireless systems, there are certain common characteristics which can be exploited to design LMMSE transceivers e.g., the quadratic forms. It is also discovered that evolving from a point-to-point MIMO system to various advanced wireless systems such as multi-cell coordinated systems, multi-user MIMO systems, MIMO cognitive radio systems, amplifyand-forward MIMO relaying systems and so on, the quadratic nature is always kept and the LMMSE transceiver designs can always be carried out via iteratively solving a number of QMP problems. A comprehensive framework on how to solve QMP problems is also given. The work presented in this paper is likely to be the first shot for the transceiver design for the future ever-changing wireless systems.

The European Union-funded Advanced Superconducting Motor Experimental Demonstrator (ASuMED) project started in May 2017 with the purpose of demonstrating the benefits of a new, fully superconducting motor for reaching the targets established by the Flightpath 2050 plan. The project aims at a motor power density of 20kW kg−1 using a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) stator. The rotor will use HTS stacks operating like permanent magnets. A highly efficient cryostat for the motor combined with an integrated cryogenic cooling system and associated power converter will be used. This article provides a general overview of the prototype that is currently being assembled and that will be tested soon.

Purpose:To optimize the free-breathing whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) protocol by using the short TI inversion-recovery diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (STIR-DWEPI) sequence and the built-in body coil. Additionally, to evaluate the feasibility of tumor screening using high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Materials and Methods:The prescan procedure of STIR-DWEPI was modified using the data from 30 volunteers. During each exam, an optimized center frequency (CF) was used to minimize the slice offsets in consecutive scan stations. Prescan time was reduced from 50 seconds to 20 seconds with improved station profile. Total scan time was 30 minutes for five stations and 1.2 m coverage. A total of 30 patients with histologically-proven malignant disease were scanned under the final protocol using a built-in body coil. The image quality and the degree of background body signal suppression were assessed.Results: Free-breathing WB-DWI was 100% successfully performed in all patients, without slice misregistration, fat contamination, significant distortion, or nonuniformity. The reconstructed 3D-MIP images were adequate to depict malignant lesions in all 30 patients. The results of WB-DWI were found to be comparable to those of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Conclusion:Stable and high-resolution WB-DWI is feasible using the technical improvements described in this study. WB-DWI might have important clinical value for the detection of primary and metastatic malignancies within the whole body. The potential for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of tumors should be further assessed in a larger patient cohort.

Sea ice is a critical component of the Arctic coastal environment. For northern communities, it is a central part of culture, community, and livelihood. Recent changes in Arctic climate have led to greater unpredictability in sea ice conditions, making travel and hunting more hazardous, particularly during the dynamic freeze-up and break-up periods. If the recent trend of warmer Arctic winters is an indication of future climatic conditions, sea ice will become increasingly more dangerous for travel, especially for inexperienced travellers, and traditional knowledge of safe routes based on past climatic conditions will become less reliable.For northern resource industries (e.g., mining) and maritime shipping, the presence of sea ice represents added operational risk, particularly where shipping routes overlap with community on-ice travel routes, making route planning in these coastal areas less predictable and increasing the potential for delay and additional costs. Furthermore, northern resource extractive industries are expected to grow significantly in the future, leading to increased year-round shipping and greater potential for conflicting sea-ice use. The key to decreasing conflicts and ensuring safe and efficient winter travel for both local communities and industry is the timely availability of information describing sea ice conditions, at the relevant spatial scales, presented in a format that is appropriate for each user group.SmartICE represents a community-government-universityindustry collaboration that integrates adapted technology, remote sensing, and Inuit Knowledge to promote safe travel for all stakeholders in northern coastal environments. The main elements of the SmartICE information system are: (i) A network of automated in situ sensors that measure sea-ice thickness and other characteristics; (ii) Repeat satellite imagery from which sea-ice surface conditions (e.g., concentration, roughness, water content) are mapped following user-defined classification systems; and (iii) Information technology that integrates the in situ and remotely sensed sea-ice data to generate raw and processed digital products that match the needs of user groups, from ice navigation managers to Inuit ice experts to recreational ice users. While community participation in SmartICE is key to addressing local needs and conditions, the program is intended to augment and integrate Inuit sea-ice knowledge, not replace it. Development and validation of the SmartICE technology and information system involve a multi-stage approach with simultaneous development of the ice monitoring technology andthe Inuit-based ice type classification and remote sensing. The Nunatsiavut Government is a principal partner in SmartICE and our first phase of community sea-ice workshops, sea-ice classification and field truthing, sensor deployment and system validation is taking place in the Nunatsiavut communities of Nain and Rigolet. Nain is located to the north of Vale NL's Voisey's Bay mine site where winter ore shipping cuts a regular track th...

WB-DWI is a sensitive, but less specific technique for diagnosis of lymphoma. It is difficult to differentiate lymphomatous from metastatic lymph nodes using WB-DWI. However, it is a valuable imaging modality for staging of patients with malignant lymphoma.

In high power density superconducting motors, superconducting tapes are usually stacked and connected together at terminals to improve the current capacity. When a parallel sinusoidal magnetic field is applied on this partially coupled stack, the coupling current is induced and causes additional coupling loss. Usually 3D modeling is needed to calculate the coupling loss but it takes too much computing resource and time. In this paper, a numerical 2D modeling by minimum electromagnetic entropy production (MEMEP) method is developed to speed up the calculation. The presented MEMEP model shows good accuracy and the capability to take the realistic resistance between tapes into account for coupling loss calculation with a high number of mesh element, which agrees to measurements.Thanks to the model, a systemic study of coupling loss on amplitude-dependence, frequency-dependence, resistance-dependence, and length-dependence, is presented and discussed. The results reveal the features of coupling loss which is very helpful devices with multi-tape conductors, such as the stator or rotor windings of motors.

ADC value in cervical carcinoma is lower than that in normal cervix, and ADC may have predictive value in subtype discrimination. ADC value may improve the preoperative characterization of lymph node metastasis. And at least abdominal and pelvic DWI scan is suggested for N staging evaluation in such patients.