Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine

Markovska, O.Ye.; Hrechyshkina, T.A.

doi:10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-96-103

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All abovementioned factors force farmers in the south to adapt technologies for growing crops to both water scarcity and excessive moisture during certain vegetation periods. Application of mineral fertilizers and organo-mineral complexes with various pesticides is rationally combined, which not only allows increasing the productive potential of plants but also to reliably protects them from pathogen damage (Markovska et al, 2018;Markovska & Grechyshkina, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and harmfulness of winter wheat brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex desm. f. sp. tritici) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Markovska¹,

Dudchenko²,

Grechishkina³

2020

Ukr J Ecol

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Apart from making farmers adapt agricultural technologies to new, more arid conditions in order to obtain sustainable and high yields, global climate change is also known to alter the pathogenicity of plant pathogens, the biological cycle of which is tightly associated with environmental factors. One of the most common diseases of winter wheat is brown leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici. In terms of its harmfulness and prevalence among other leaf and stem diseases, brown leaf rust is comparable to yellow and stem rust, septoria leaf blotch and other leaves blotches. Under arid conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the disease manifests itself once every five years provided that sufficient moisture, indicated by the hydro-thermal index above 1.0, is present during the spring and summer vegetation periods. The main factor influencing the intensity of pathogen development is moisture supply from April to June (ΣTP> 50 mm). In 2019, the amount of precipitation during this period was 194 mm, which led to the disease development at the level of 18.4% with a spread of 27.2%. Productivity of winter wheat varieties such as Antonivka, Blago and Maria was reduced by 10.8-11.3%, when infected in the phase of milk grain stage (stages 73-77 on the BBCH scale), while net photosynthesis productivity decreased by 14.2-14.3%, which translates to lower average yields of 2.3-3.1 t/ha. To maximize the productive potential of varieties and effectively control the development of the causative agent of brown leaf rust in winter wheat under favourable conditions for epiphytic development, the application of systemic fungicides with long-term protective effect imparted by the chemical group of triazoles (Colossal e.c., 1.0 l/ha ) is recommended in stages 69-71 on the BBCH scale. This provides not only reliable crop protection (Eff.: 77.9-82.0%), but also yields at the level of 3.3 - 4.6 t/ha, depending on the variety under non-irrigated conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and harmfulness of winter wheat brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex desm. f. sp. tritici) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Markovska¹,

Dudchenko²,

Grechishkina³

2020

Ukr J Ecol

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“…Research by Markovska and Hrechyshkina (2020) it was found the highest level of productivity was formed by plants of winter wheat of the Maria variety against the background of applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 for pre-sowing cultivation using foliar top dressing with Organo-mineral fertilizer ROST (2.0 l/ha) at the beginning of the spring vegetation recovery and in the flag leaf phase. So, on average over the years of research, the grain yield in this variant was 4.96 tha -1 , the number of productive stems was 411 PCs/m 2 , number of grains in an ear was 27.6 PCs, the weight of 1000 grains were 51.5 g. Panfilova et al (2020) it was determined that the higher grain yield and slightly betterquality indicators differed grain of the studied winter wheat variety with the joint use of pre-sowing application of N30P30 and foliar fertilizing of winter wheat crops twice during the vegetation season by Escort-bio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter wheat makes the fullest use of the existing bioclimatic potential of the regions of Ukraine. The highest productivity of this crop can be obtained if modern adapted variety with a high genetic potential of productivity are used, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the zone, improving and developing highly effective, scientifically based nutrition and protection systems against harmful organisms (Markovska and Hrechyshkina, 2020).…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of biologics on the productivity of winter wheat varieties under irrigation conditions

2023

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The aim of the research was to determine the influence of varietal characteristics, pre-sowing seed treatment and irrigation on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of Mykolayiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine) during 2019-2022 yrs. It was found that among the studied variety of winter wheat, the highest grain yield was distinguished by the variety ‘Ozerna’ and ‘Duma Odes’ka’. On average, for pre – sowing seed treatment and irrigation options, these variety formed yields at the level of 6.78 and 6.95 tha–1, which was higher than the grain yield of ‘Anatoliya’ variety by 4.1 up to 6.5%, and then the yield of ‘Ovidii’ variety by 3.9 up to 6.3%. It was proved that preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the formation of more productive stems and grain mass from one ear in winter wheat plants. So, on average, over the years of research, variety and irrigation options, for the use of Azotofit-R, the number of productive stems increased by 34-74 PCs./ m2 compared to other seed treatment options. At the same time, the yield of winter wheat grain was also slightly higher with the use of Azotofit-R biologics. It was found that the use of irrigation provided an increase in grain yield by 1.66-2.19 tha–1 or 23.1-27.2%, depending on the studied winter wheat variety. At the same time, the ‘Duma Odes’ka’ variety had a higher grain yield under irrigation (8.06 tha–1), while in conditions without irrigation, a slightly higher grain yield was formed by plants of the ‘Ozerna’ variety (5.87 tha–1). On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of winter wheat grain was provided by the cultivation of the ‘Duma Odes’ka’ variety for pre-sowing seed treatment with Azotofit - R biologics and irrigation–8.38 tha–1.

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“…One of the reasons for obtaining low yields of grain crops and losses during harves ting are abiotic factors. They can lead to annual 3-6-million-ton grain losses in Ukraine in unfavorable years (Lyubich, 2017;Bazalii et al, 2018;Markovska & Hrechishkina, 2020). The most harmful diseases of plants and ears affect the biochemical processes in the plant and grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses

Voloshchuk,

Stasiv

et al. 2023

Biol. Stud.

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Background. Enzymomycotic depletion of grain leads to a significant decrease in the dry matter mass of the grain, as the intensity of respiration increases, protein substances break down, enzymes (in particular, α-amylase) pass from the adsorbed form to the water-soluble one, and their activity increases sharply. One of the consequences of this is the intensive amylolysis of starch, which means a significant deterioration in the technological indicators of the quality of grain and seeds. Materials and Methods. This study gives a thorough description of the process of enzymomycotic depletion of grain of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sowing rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) depending on abiotic factors and the sources of resistance to ear diseases 4, 8, 12 days after the onset of full ripeness in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine (2019–2021). Research methods – general scientific, field, measurement and weight, mathematical and statistical. Results and Discussion. According to the obtained results, the dependence of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on abiotic factors was established. The development of ear diseases depended both on weather factors and on the ecological plasticity of the cultivar. The highest percentage of the distribution of ear sepsoria was observed on the 12th day after the onset of full ripeness: wheat – 3.3 %, rye – 2.4 %, triticale – 1.9 %, fusarium, respectively 2.4 %, 1.9 %, 1 %, 8 %. The loss of dry matter in the weight of 1000 grains depended on the ecotype of the cultivar and the duration of the grain standing time 4, 8, and 12 days after full ripeness. Conclusion. The following cultivars were most resistant to EMDG: Oberih Myronivsky (wheat), Kobza (rye), Obrij Myronivsky (triticale); their base seed production profitability rates being 75.1 %, 116.6 %, and 146.8 %, respectively. The results of the study can be used in the selection of varieties of winter grain crops resistant to enzymomycotic grain depletion for the western forest-steppe and Polissya zones of Ukraine, where breeding work on these crops is not carried out and agricultural producers purchase seeds of new varieties from the originating institutions of the central forest-steppe to introduce them into production.

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Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence and harmfulness of winter wheat brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex desm. f. sp. tritici) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Prevalence and harmfulness of winter wheat brown leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex desm. f. sp. tritici) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Influence of biologics on the productivity of winter wheat varieties under irrigation conditions

Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses

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