WikiPharma – A freely available, easily accessible, interactive and comprehensive database for environmental effect data for pharmaceuticals

Molander, Linda; Ågerstrand, Marlene; Rudén, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.08.009

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To aid in this process, the database containing peer-reviewed ecotoxicity studies for human pharmaceuticals was made public in 2009 as part of the research programme MistraPharma (https://www.mistrapharma.se). The database is called WikiPharma, made available at https:// www.wikipharma.org, 19 and hosted by Stockholm University. The aim of WikiPharma is to provide an easily accessible overview of effects caused by pharmaceuticals on non-target organisms.…”

Section: The Wikipharma Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Refining tools to bridge the gap between academia and chemical regulation: perspectives for WikiREACH

Ågerstrand

Brenig

Führ

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Regulatory hazard and risk assessments of chemical substances have to include all reliable and relevant data to be credible and complete. However, screening the literature for appropriate studies and extracting data is burdensome. Therefore, reducing impediments by making data easily and readily accessible to risk assessors could result in more comprehensive hazard and risk assessments. In this paper, we study WikiPharma, a database that aggregates ecotoxicity data for pharmaceuticals, extracted from peerreviewed studies. The use of the WikiPharma database is explored to develop strategies on how similar tools can bridge between science and policy by providing risk assessors with easily accessible summary data. Specifically, adapting the concept of WikiPharma to industrial chemicals regulated under the REACH regulation is discussed. Experiences with WikiPharma show that there is interest in using peerreviewed studies in regulatory decision-making. However, tools like WikiPharma require constant updates. Hence, as for "WikiREACH", effective incentives are needed to motivate researchers to feed in relevant data for regulatory assessments. Besides, support by automated processes can aid in the labourintensive activity of gathering data. To ensure that such a tool is continuously maintained and compatible with the regulatory system, and thereby useful for hazard and risk assessments of chemicals, it would benefit from being developed in collaboration with the major stakeholders in the field, i.e. regulatory agencies, academia, industry, scientific journals, and providers of research network platforms. Environmental signicanceThis paper addresses how scientic research is (not) used in decision-making, focusing on peer-reviewed toxicity and ecotoxicity studies for regulatory assessments of chemicals. One possible reason for the overall low regulatory use of peer-reviewed studies is that the process of searching for studies is resource demanding. As a consequence, regulatory decisions are not based on all available information. This paper suggests the development of a tool that can facilitate the use of peer-reviewed studies in the REACH context ("WikiREACH"), based on experiences from the use and development of the WikiPharma database for ecotoxicity studies for pharmaceuticals. Creating equivalent tools for other groups of chemicals is possible and an important way forward.

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Section: The Wikipharma Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Refining tools to bridge the gap between academia and chemical regulation: perspectives for WikiREACH

Ågerstrand

Brenig

Führ

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

Self Cite

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“…The sex hormone ethinylestradiol is one of few substances where a significant amount of both standard and non-standard test data is available. Table 1 presents the lowest reported standard and non-standard effect values (according to the Wikipharma database [6] and the environmental classification system at fass.se [7]), both no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) and EC 50 values (lowest identified effect concentration where 50% of the tested population have been found to be affected), for ethinylestradiol.…”

Section: Testing For Environmental Effects Caused By Pharmaceutical Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of four different methods for reliability evaluation of ecotoxicity data: a case study of non-standard test data used in environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances

2011

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Background: Standard test data are still preferred and recommended for regulatory environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals even though data generated by non-standard tests could improve the scientific basis of risk assessments by providing relevant and more sensitive endpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate if non-standard ecotoxicity data can be evaluated systematically in risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. This has been done by evaluating the usefulness of four reliability evaluation methods, and by investigating whether recently published non-standard ecotoxicity studies from the open scientific literature fulfill the criteria that these methods propose.Results: The same test data were evaluated differently by the four methods in seven out of nine cases. The selected non-standard test data were considered reliable/acceptable in only 14 out of 36 cases. Conclusions: The four evaluation methods differ in scope, user friendliness, and how criteria are weighted and summarized. This affected the outcome of the data evaluation. The results suggest that there is room for improvements in how data are reported in the open scientific literature. Reliability evaluation criteria could be used as a checklist to ensure that all important aspects are reported and thereby increasing the possibility that the data could be used for regulatory risk assessment.

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“…Os fármacos são liberados 26 diretamente por meio de seu descarte no esgoto e no lixo, e de seu emprego na criação de animais, como no caso de peixes (aquicultura); e de forma indireta, por meio da liberação dos metabólitos das excretas humanas e animais (urina e fezes) nas fossas sépticas, nas redes de esgoto ou diretamente no ambiente. A contaminação do solo leva à subsequente contaminação das águas superficiais e subterrâneas (FARRÉ et al, 2008;LAPWORTH et al, 2012;MOMPELAT et al, 2009;REHMAN et al, 2013;SANTOS et al, 2010;TURKDOGAN e YETILMEZSOY, 2009 MOMPELAT et al, 2009 O descarte domiciliar de drogas não utilizadas ou com validade expirada diretamente no esgoto doméstico ou no lixo adquire significante potencial de contaminação (KUMMERER, 2009b;MOMPELAT et al, 2009;SANTOS et al, 2010;TURKDOGAN e YETILMEZSOY, 2009). O lixiviado (chorume), que representa potencial de risco ao solo, águas superficiais e subterrâneas, é fonte de poluentes emergentes, dentre eles fármacos (EGGEN et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fármacos: Poluentes Emergentesunclassified

“…As fossas sépticas e as estações de tratamento de efluentes (ETEs) não foram desenhadas para eliminar micropoluentes e acabam sendo fontes de contaminação do solo e dos corpos hídricos, os quais posteriormente abastecerão os reservatórios para uso humano (MOMPELAT et al, 2009;VALDÉS et al, 2014), ou seja, as ETEs reintroduzem poluentes nos compartimentos aquáticos (PAL et al, 2010;RODRIGUEZ-NAVAS et al, 2013;TURKDOGAN e YETILMEZSOY, 2009). …”

WikiPharma – A freely available, easily accessible, interactive and comprehensive database for environmental effect data for pharmaceuticals

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Refining tools to bridge the gap between academia and chemical regulation: perspectives for WikiREACH

Refining tools to bridge the gap between academia and chemical regulation: perspectives for WikiREACH

Comparison of four different methods for reliability evaluation of ecotoxicity data: a case study of non-standard test data used in environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances

Estratégias para operacionalização da logística reversa de medicamentos

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