Wideband Three Loop Element Antenna Array for Future 5G mmwave Devices

Abstract

In this work, a compact, light-weight, low-cost, and easy install and incorporate mmwave printed square loop antenna with a perturbed ground plane is proposed. The antenna is fabricated on an ultra-thin 0.254 mm Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The antenna resonates between 26 GHz and 40 GHz providing the broad bandwidth of 13 GHz (~47%). First, a single element consisting of three rectangular square loops and a transmission line with total dimensions of 9 mm x 11 mm (0.84 λ0 x 1 λ0) is designed. The loop elements are arranged on top of each other and with the further insertion of square slot in ground plane, wideband resonance response has been achieved. The antenna demonstrates gain of more than 3.3 dBi, and radiation and a total efficiency of 98% at 28 GHz. The proposed design enables spatial diversity and minimize the effects of interference between adjacent channels by providing dual-beam within desired frequency band. In addition, a linear array (18.5 x 22.5 mm 2 ) of four elements with a traditional feeding network is also designed, simulated, and measured. The gain of the array is 10.1 dBi, while the radiation and the total efficiency is more than 92 % at 28 GHz. A brief literature review and comparison of this work with other published works is also presented. To validate the proposed design and concept, a prototype is fabricated for both, a single element, and an array. It is found that the measured results and the computed results are in good agreement. Therefore, we believe that this system will find its applications within modern mmwave communication cellular devices.

A New mm-Wave Antenna Array with Wideband Characteristics for Next Generation Communication Systems

“…The 5G spectrum is categorized into two broad regions as Sub6 GHz, ranging under 6 GHz frequency, and mm-wave region, in which frequencies above 24 GHz and above are adopted. The bands of 28 GHz and 37 GHz and 39 GHz are licensed mm-wave bands in the mm-wave spectrum, for which in order to overcome high attenuation and propagation losses, high gain antenna arrays are required [5][6][7][8]. These antenna arrays include higher numbers of radiating elements with low-loss feeding networks [7,8].…”

“…The bands of 28 GHz and 37 GHz and 39 GHz are licensed mm-wave bands in the mm-wave spectrum, for which in order to overcome high attenuation and propagation losses, high gain antenna arrays are required [5][6][7][8]. These antenna arrays include higher numbers of radiating elements with low-loss feeding networks [7,8]. There are several antenna systems reported in the literature [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

A Four Element mm-Wave MIMO Antenna System with Wide-Band and High Isolation Characteristics for 5G Applications

“…The DRA presented in [14] was designed in a 'plus' shape with radiating elements directly facing each other. Similarly, ESIW and AGF antennas for mmwave have also been reported [15,16].…”

“…Several MIMO antenna systems have been proposed in the literature. These MIMO systems include Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based antennas, Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide (ESIW), Air-gap Filled Antennas (AFAs), Dielectric Resonators (DRA) and planar antenna systems [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In [7], triband DRA is proposed for mmwave applications.…”

Using an Equivalent-Circuit Model to Design Ultra-Wide Band-Stop Frequency-Selective Surface for 5G mm-Wave Applications

“…The proposed structure has transmission zeroes at 28 GHz and 36 GHz applicable for 5G technology, which is designed to reflect signals in the range of frequency from K to Ka band. It is important to mention that distinguished bands have been allocated in each region [31], and the proposed FSS is suitable in different bands and frequencies, while offering high bandwidth. The resonant frequencies and bandwidth can be adjusted by optimizing the dimensions of the proposed FSS.…”