Wideband Double Leaky Slot Lens Antennas in CMOS Technology at Submillimeter Wavelengths

A Review of Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antennas

“…HMSIW-and SIW-based antennas can be fabricated using a printed circuit board (PCB), low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), or electronic printing technology. LWA can also be integrated into silicon-based structures [20] to achieve a miniaturized transceiver. LWA can be realized on the dielectric waveguide [21] dielectric image line [22], wedge-like waveguide [23], gap waveguides [24]− [27], and corrugated SIW [28] for mm-wave and Xband applications.…”

“…Most of the reported LWAs in the literature are unidirectional antennas, but bidirectional LWA can be designed by implementing different excitation ports [31]. It should be noted that LWA is also a suitable candidate as the on-chip antenna in CMOS and Silicon-based technology at sub-THz frequency bands noting the relaxed metal density rules [20].…”

Wideband Modeling of CMOS Schottky Barrier Diode Detectors for THz Radiometry

“…In order to achieve the required performance for passive imaging, a wideband antenna should efficiently couple incident radiation over a few hundreds of GHz of bandwidth to detectors that are characterized with a Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) in the order of a pW/ √ Hz [12]. Efficient wideband antenna operation is demonstrated with an on-chip ring antenna in SiGe-HBT technology [13] and with a double leaky slot antenna in CMOS technology [14] in combination with a silicon lens. Low NEP detectors have been demonstrated in high performance III-V technologies [15].…”

“…The state-of-the-art NEP of 3.5 pW/ √ Hz at 300 GHz is just recently presented using a differential transistor pair at zero bias [25]. The performance in terms of bandwidth in [14] and NEP in [25] is approaching the level where first THz passive imagers might be realized [12].…”

“…This work extends the high-frequency modeling approach of a SBD, as introduced in [32] and applied in [18], [19], to predict the radiometric performance of a wideband double leaky slot lens antenna coupled to a differential SBD detection circuit that is connected to a load resistor for a voltage readout. The design of the antenna is recently presented in [14] to operate with a 57% average efficiency from 200 GHz to 600 GHz, while complying with strict minimum metal density rules. The THz direct detector is shown in Fig.…”