Wideband Channel Modeling for mm‐Wave inside Trains for 5G‐Related Applications

Abstract

Passenger trains and especially metro trains have been identified as one of the key scenarios for 5G deployments. The wireless channel inside a train car is reported in the frequency range between 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz. These bands have received a lot of interest for high-density scenarios with a high-traffic demand, two of the most relevant aspects of a 5G network. In this paper we provide a full description of the wideband channel estimating Power-Delay Profiles (PDP), Saleh-Valenzuela model parameters, time-of-arrival (TOA) ranging, and path-loss results. Moreover, the performance of an automatic clustering algorithm is evaluated. The results show a remarkable degree of coherence and general conclusions are obtained.

Millimeter Wave Channel Measurements in an Intra-Wagon Environment

“…This waveguide effect provokes the MPCs to be guided along the convoy and constructively interfere at the Rx antenna [15]- [17]. This behavior is in agreement with [7] in a similar intra-wagon environment, where a path loss exponent of 1.6 was obtained for a maximum Tx-Rx distance of 17 m. Path loss exponents lower than 2 have been also obtained in other published studies based on channel measurements conducted at frequencies above 6 GHz and mmWave bands in LoS conditions. In [12], path loss exponents equal to 1.1 and 1.3 have been obtained at 28 and 73 GHz, respectively, in an indoor environment.…”

“…In [1] and [2], at least five future railway service scenarios have been defined, including: train-to-infrastructure, inter-wagon, intra-wagon, inside-the-station, and infrastructure-toinfrastructure. There have been many recent studies on the mmWave band involved in both outdoor [2], [4]- [6], and indoor railway scenarios [6], [7]. In [2], channel measurements for inter-wagon communications have been performed at 64.5 GHz.…”

“…In [6], the influence of typical railway objects in the propagation channel has been investigated using ray tracing techniques. However, with the exception of [7], there are no published works in which some aspects of the propagation channel in intra-wagon environments are analyzed from real measurements. In [7], channel measurements have been performed in the 26.5-40 GHz band using directive antennas.…”

“…However, with the exception of [7], there are no published works in which some aspects of the propagation channel in intra-wagon environments are analyzed from real measurements. In [7], channel measurements have been performed in the 26.5-40 GHz band using directive antennas. The authors have mainly investigated the shape of the power delay profile by establishing a cluster identification, but no results on path loss and delay spread values are reported at different frequencies.…”

Clustering Research in Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Networks

“…Now themes of this research will be presented in this section and the deficiency in the literature on this subject will be eliminate. Clustering 32, ( 100% ) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] Clustering algorithm 18, ( 56% ) [3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,29,31,32] Networks 29, ( 91% ) [1,<...>…”