Millimeter Wave Channel Measurements in an Intra-Wagon Environment

Abstract

In this correspondence, useful measurement results of the propagation channel characteristics in an intra-wagon environment at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies are presented. The measurements were collected inside an underground convoy from 25 to 40 GHz in the frequency domain. A broadband radio over fiber (RoF) link was used in order to avoid the high losses introduced by cables at these frequencies, thus allowing long distances between the transmitter and receiver antennas. Values of the path loss exponent and delay spread are reported at the potential 26, 28 and 38 GHz bands to deploy the future fifth-generation (5G) systems. These results allow us to have a better knowledge of the path loss and time dispersion characteristics of the propagation channel in this particular environment, characterized by rich-scattering with long delays.

Wideband Performance Comparison between the 40 GHz and 60 GHz Frequency Bands for Indoor Radio Channels

“…At 38 GHz, results for the corridor agree with those in the literature [16] where measurements were performed in a wagon with similar dimensions and geometry. The delay spread values reported are 7.63 ns and 9.77 ns, very similar to the 8.4 ns we measured in LOS condition.…”

Experimental Rician $K$-factor characterization in a laboratory environment at the 25 to 40 GHz frequency band

“…Thus, the measured CTF takes into account the join response of the propagation channel and the Tx and Rx antennas, also known as the radio channel. More details about the channel sounder used and the measurement procedure, omitted here due to space restrictions to 2 pages, can be found in [3].…”

mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces: Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison

“…Therefore, the signal propagation has been modeled under different environment geometries, different objects inside the environment and their varying electromagnetic (EM) characteristics. In literature, mmWave communication channel has been extensively characterized for varying indoor applications such as residence, office, shopping mall, and factory [2]- [5]. Standard documents such as IEEE 802.11 ad/ay and 3GPP TR 38.901 classify and characterize different environments as site specific indoor models [6], [7].…”

“…For example, in [8], the authors provide statistical channel parameters of intra-wagon (IW) channels in highspeed trains considering the 60 and 300 GHz frequency bands. The only channel characterization work considering the 28 GHz band for IW environments is [5], where the authors focus on LOS channel sounding measurements, and path loss and shadow fading characterization. For the aircraft channel modeling, [4] conduct Ray-Tracing (RT) simulations, and provide received signal strength and coverage analysis.…”

“…However, wireless channel characterization for an in-cabin airplane environment at 28 GHz has not been considered in the literature. In IW environment, path loss and shadowing are modeled based on measurement campaign [5], but small-scale fading characteristics are not provided. Besides, dense human presence is also neglected in previous RT modeling and measurement campaigns.…”