Wide-field Raman imaging for bone detection in tissue

Abstract

Inappropriate bone growth in soft tissue can occur after trauma to a limb and can cause a disruption to the healing process. This is known as Heterotopic Ossification (HO) in which regions in the tissue start to mineralize and form microscopic bone-like structures. These structures continue to calcify and develop into large, non-functional bony masses that cause pain, limit limb movement, and expose the tissue to reoccurring infections; in the case of open wounds this can lead to amputation as a result of a failed wound. Both Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Xray imaging have poor sensitivity and specificity for the detection of HO, thus delaying therapy and leading to poor patient outcomes. We present a low-power, fast (1 frame per second) optical Raman imaging system with a large field of view (1 cm 2 ) that can differentiate bone tissue from soft tissue without spectroscopy, this in contrast to conventional Raman microscopy systems. This capability may allow for the development of instrumentation which permits bedside diagnosis of HO. heterotopic ossification in a newborn," J. Radiol. Case Rep. 2(2), 13-15 (2008

High-speed Raman imaging of cellular processes

“…In global illumination, the sample is illuminated as a whole by an excitation laser, and the scattered light from the entire observation area is directly imaged on the CCD camera [4,30]. A narrow band pass filter is placed before the CCD to observe the scattering intensity at a particular Raman peak of interest.…”

Raman Based Molecular Imaging and Analytics: A Magic Bullet for Biomedical Applications!?

“…By now, various cancers, including brain, breast, lung, etc., and other diseases of bone and skins, can be detected by Raman spectral imaging. 96,117,124−140 Recently, a widefield Raman imaging technique has been reported for detection of Heterotopic Ossification (HO), 136 which means inappropriate bone growth in soft tissue. Moreover, Raman spectral imaging has found its great potential to investigate bone tissues, especially osteoblasts.…”

“…Additionally, this approach is limited by the maximum permissible exposure (MPE), and long measurements are not desired for studying biological tissues and diagnostics. 136 Therefore, a number of concepts have been introduced, which should speed up the measurement or increase the signal strength. Three of these concepts are surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coherent antistokes Raman scattering (CARS), and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).…”

Narrowband-autofluorescence imaging for bone analysis

“…Only recently, this bone properties has raised interest to develop tools for bone analysis such as bispectral autofluorescence spectroscopy [28][29][30][31][32]. However, these methods require a point-scanning of the bone sample to obtain an image, which can be time consuming [33,34]. The time consuming is reduced in the methods acquiring few autofluorescence images of bone without scanning the sample [35,36].…”