Why Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) tepals have green marks?

Aschan, Guido; Pfanz, Hardy

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2006.02.003

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The distance between the stigma and the apical part of the anthers was 1.5-2 mm. We found different numbers of ovules (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) in the ovaries.…”

Section: Floral Morphology and Pollen Productionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Chwil

2016

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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In Poland Galanthus nivalis L. is partially protected. The flowers of this species are one of the first sources of nectar and pollen for insects from February to April. The aim of this study was to present the flowering biology as well as the topography, anatomical, and ultrastructural features of the floral nectary. The flower lifespan, the breeding system, and the mass of pollen and nectar produced by the flowers were determined. Examination of the nectary structure was performed using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flower of G. nivalis lives for about 30 days. The stamens and pistils mature simultaneously and during this time nectar is secreted. The anthers of one flower produced the large amount of pollen (4 mg). The breeding system of G. nivalis was found to be characterized by partial self-compatibility, outcrossing, and xenogamy. The nectary is located at the top of the inferior ovary. The nectary epidermal cells are characterized by striated cuticular ornamentation. Initially, the secreted nectar formed vesicle-like protuberances under the cuticle. The epidermal and parenchymal cells contain numerous plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, ER cisterns, and vesicles fused with the plasmalemma, which indicates granulocrine nectar secretion.

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Section: Floral Morphology and Pollen Productionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Chwil

2016

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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“…For example, the sepals of Helleborus viridis L. are a major source of assimilates, amounting to 56% of the total plant surface area in the early spring, while the basal leaves emerged late during fruit development (Aschan et al 2005). Although the floral organs constitute a relatively small fraction of the entire biomass, the green patterned inner tepals in snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) contribute significant photosynthetic activity, thereby providing the flower and the developing seeds with photo-assimilates (Aschan and Pfanz 2006). Thus, because of the early senescence of leaves in cotton, we suggest that the dramatically increased surface area of the capsule wall and, to some extent, the bracts ( Fig.…”

Section: Differences In O 2 Evolution Rate and Carboxylation Enzymes mentioning

confidence: 99%

Important photosynthetic contribution from the non-foliar green organs in cotton at the late growth stage

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2011

Planta

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Non-foliar green organs are recognized as important carbon sources after leaves. However, the contribution of each organ to total yield has not been comprehensively studied in relation to the time-course of changes in surface area and photosynthetic activity of different organs at different growth stages. We studied the contribution of leaves, main stem, bracts and capsule wall in cotton by measuring their time-course of surface area development, O(2) evolution capacity and photosynthetic enzyme activity. Because of the early senescence of leaves, non-foliar organs increased their surface area up to 38.2% of total at late growth stage. Bracts and capsule wall showed less ontogenetic decrease in O(2) evolution capacity per area and photosynthetic enzyme activity than leaves at the late growth stage. The total capacity for O(2) evolution of stalks and bolls (bracts plus capsule wall) was 12.7 and 23.7% (total ca. 36.4%), respectively, as estimated by multiplying their surface area by their O(2) evolution capacity per area. We also kept the bolls (from 15 days after anthesis) or main stem (at the early full bolling stage) in darkness for comparison with non-darkened controls. Darkening the bolls and main stem reduced the boll weight by 24.1 and 9%, respectively, and the seed weight by 35.9 and 16.3%, respectively. We conclude that non-foliar organs significantly contribute to the yield at the late growth stage.

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“…In forest ecosystems, carbon (C) fluxes include plant respiration and photosynthesis. Although leaf photosynthesis represents the major part of the C assimilated by the plant, it is known that flowers, fruits and stems are able to photosynthesize (Aschan & Pfanz, 2003, 2006; Aschan et al ., 2005). We showed that current‐year stems of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) are able to assimilate the equivalent of 40% of the C lost by respiration over a whole season (Damesin, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree stem phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC): lack of biochemical and localization evidence for a C₄‐like photosynthesis system

et al. 2007

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Researchwww.newphytologist.org 775 Summary• Here, the kinetic properties and immunolocalization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in young stems of Fagus sylvatica were investigated. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that there is a C 4 -like photosynthesis system in the stems of this C 3 tree species.• The activity, optimal pH and L-malate sensitivity of PEPC, and the MichaelisMenten constant (K m ) for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), were measured in protein extracts from current-year stems and leaves. A gel blot experiment and immunolocalization studies were performed to examine the isozyme complexity of PEPC and the tissue distribution of PEPC and Rubisco in stems.• Leaf and stem PEPCs exhibited similar, classical values characteristic of C 3 PEPCs, with an optimal pH of c. 7.8, a K m for PEP of c. 0.3 mM and a IC 50 for L-malate (the L-malate concentration that inhibits 50% of PEPC activity at the K m for PEP) of c. 0.1 mM. Western blot analysis showed the presence of two PEPC subunits (molecular mass c. 110 kDa) both in leaves and in stems. Immunogold labelling did not reveal any differential localization of PEPC and Rubisco, neither between nor inside cells.• This study suggests that C 4 -type photosynthesis does not occur in stems of F. sylvatica and underlines the importance of PEPC in nonphotosynthetic carbon fixation by most stem tissues (fixation of respired CO 2 and fixation via the anaplerotic pathway).New Phytologist (2007) 176: [775][776][777][778][779][780][781]

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Why Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) tepals have green marks?

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Important photosynthetic contribution from the non-foliar green organs in cotton at the late growth stage

Tree stem phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC): lack of biochemical and localization evidence for a C₄‐like photosynthesis system

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Why Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) tepals have green marks?

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

Important photosynthetic contribution from the non-foliar green organs in cotton at the late growth stage

Tree stem phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC): lack of biochemical and localization evidence for a C4‐like photosynthesis system

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Tree stem phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC): lack of biochemical and localization evidence for a C₄‐like photosynthesis system