Why Do Students Choose Buses over Private Motorcycles and Motorcycle-Based Ride-Sourcing? A Hybrid Choice Approach

Abstract

Improving public transport (PT) services is critical to maintaining resilient and sustainable transportation. While the investment in PT (i.e., buses) has not been able to shift private vehicle users, especially motorcyclists, to buses, the emergence of motorcycle-based ride-sourcing (MBRS) has become a popular travel mode that threatens the existing bus demand. Due to this, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the choice of buses over private motorcycles and MBRS among high school and university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through the hybrid choice model. The explored variables include sociodemographic characteristics, travel time, travel cost, and latent variables of travel mode perceptions. By involving 527 respondents, the analysis showed that travel time, travel cost, and sociodemographic factors, including education level, income, and motorcycle ownership, significantly impacted travel mode choices. The findings also revealed that convenience causes buses to be the chosen transport means among students, while lifestyle generates students to choose MBRS services. Based on findings, this study proposed some policies to increase bus demand, especially related to the identified convenience factors and travel time.

Users’ Preferences in Selecting Transportation Modes for Leisure Trips in the Digital Era: Evidence from Bandung, Indonesia

“…The five attributes to describe the services available in each mode included travel time, waiting time, travel cost, access time, and payment method, which were presented in the SP questionnaire to respondents. These attributes were drawn from prior studies that found they were the most popular in describing each mode choice for an Indonesian context, for example travel time and travel cost [63][64][65][66][67]. Some consider waiting time [63,64,66,67] for public transport, and some also consider access egress [64].…”

Analisis Fluktuasi Jumlah dan Karakteristik Penumpang Bus Trans Jogja Kondisi Sebelum, Selama, dan Setelah Covid-19

“…Hal ini juga berkaitan dengan adanya ancaman angkutan online yang masuk ke Yogyakarta pada akhir tahun 2015 (Wibowo, 2015). Irawan (2020) dalam Risdiyanto et al (2022) menyatakan bahwa meskipun jumlah penumpang pelajar pada Bus Trans Jogja tinggi, namun juga terancam keberadaan angkutan online, khususnya ojek online (Risdiyanto et al, 2022).…”