Why and for what are clinical trials the gold standard?

Hansson, Sven Ove

doi:10.1177/1403494813516712

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Regarding the methodological quality of the studies, only three (21)(22)(23)(24)(25) did not achieve a satisfactory score (higher than three) in the Jadad scale (14) , due to lack of information for the measurement (23) or mismatches in the randomization and masking processes (24)(25) . These are key prerequisites for the good quality of the RCT, since they are universally considered gold standard accepted for evidence-based practice and, if properly conducted, its use is recommended for clinical and policy decision-making on health priorities (33) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuntura auricular para dor crônica nas costas em adultos: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Moura

Chaves

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a ação da acupuntura auricular para a dor crônica nas costas em adultos, identificar os desfechos mais utilizados para avaliar essa condição, o protocolo utilizado para aplicar a intervenção e identificar nos estudos qual o efeito da terapia sobre a intensidade da dor. Método Revisão sistemática e metanálise, conduzidas entre junho de 2017 e maio de 2018, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Embase, Scopus e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Listas de referências de revisões sistemáticas também foram exploradas. Resultados Foram localizados 427 estudos, 15 incluídos na análise qualitativa, e sete na análise quantitativa. A acupuntura auricular obteve resultados positivos em 80% dos estudos. Os desfechos mais utilizados foram a intensidade e a qualidade da dor, consumo de medicação, incapacidade física e qualidade de vida. Não há padronização no protocolo de acupuntura auricular para dor crônica nas costas. Os resultados da metanálise apontaram que a acupuntura auricular foi eficaz em reduzir os escores de intensidade da dor (p=0,038). Conclusão A acupuntura auricular é uma prática promissora para o tratamento da dor crônica nas costas em adultos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuntura auricular para dor crônica nas costas em adultos: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Moura

Chaves

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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“…(Doll 1998;Marshall et al 1948) It is now, after some initial resistance, accepted as part of the "gold standard" for a directly action-guiding experiment in medicine: the randomized controlled trial (RCT). (Hansson 2014).…”

Section: Randomizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ experiments and scientific methodology

Hansson

2019

Euro Jnl Phil Sci

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Farmers all over the world perform experiments, and have done so since long before modern experimental science and its recognized forerunners. There is a rich anthropological literature on these experiments, but the philosophical issues that they give rise to have not received much attention. Based on the anthropological literature, this study investigates methodological and philosophical issues pertaining to farmers' experiments, including the choice of interventions (work methods etc.) to be tested, the planning of experiments, and the use of control fields and other means to deal with confounding factors. Farmers' experiments have some advantages over the field trials of agricultural scientists (more replications, studies performed under the relevant local conditions), but also some comparative disadvantages (less stringent controls, less precise evaluations). The two experimental traditions are complementary, and neither of them can replace the other. Several aspects of farmers' experiments are shown to have a direct bearing on central topics in the philosophy of science.

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“…In EBM, as we have seen, the gold standard for testing the efficacy of medical treatments is the randomized controlled trial (Howick, 2011a;Hansson, 2014;Mebius, 2014b). Yet, EBM practitioners consider observational (particularly cohort) studies as the primary source of information for providing prognostic evidence and answering prognostic questions (Greenhalgh, 2014).…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Research gaps in the philosophy of evidence‐based medicine

Mebius¹,

Kennedy

Howick

2016

Philosophy Compass

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Increasing philosophical attention is being directed to the rapidly growing discipline of evidence‐based medicine (EBM). Philosophical discussions of EBM, however, remain narrowly focused on randomization, mechanisms, and the sociology of EBM. Other aspects of EBM have been all but ignored, including (a) the nature of clinical reasoning and the question of whether it can be standardized; (b) the application of EBM principles to the logic, value, and ethics of diagnosis and prognosis; (c) evidence synthesis (systematic reviews and meta‐analyses); and (d) the nature and ethics of placebo controls. Philosophical analysis in each of these areas has the potential to enhance the discussion of EBM methodology and practice.

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Why and for what are clinical trials the gold standard?

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Acupuntura auricular para dor crônica nas costas em adultos: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Acupuntura auricular para dor crônica nas costas em adultos: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Farmers’ experiments and scientific methodology

Research gaps in the philosophy of evidence‐based medicine

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