Farmers’ experiments and scientific methodology

Hansson, Sven Ove

doi:10.1007/s13194-019-0255-7

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In order to overcome the limitations of field demonstrations, the head-to-head trials are conducted in the farmer's fields. These trials involve cultivation of a new variety next to the old one to compare in the same field or in two adjoining fields under the similar set of conditions [89,151]. Head-to-head trials improve farmer's knowledge in the self-supervised plots.…”

Section: Head-to-head Trials As Efficient and Innovate Means Of Demonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

et al. 2021

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Rice is globally a major food crop and its production has progressively been affected by various types of abiotic stresses especially drought, flooding, salinity, heat and cold in most of the cultivable rice ecosystems. The incidence, intensity and duration of these stresses are anticipated to aggravate due to climate change consequences, demanding resilient yields in these situations to be essential. Present paper deals with reviewing various types of abiotic stresses and their mitigation strategies for enhancing and stabilizing rice production in stress prone areas. Review of available literature pertaining to the study area has been used as research methodology for this paper. The available literature suggests that stress-tolerant varieties can serve as the most viable strategy to contribute in coping with the problem of abiotic stresses. Although, good progress has been made in the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) and incessant efforts are being made to spread these varieties in target areas, adoption by farmers is yet to meet expectations. Advantage, affordability, awareness and availability are the main factors responsible for adopting of any technology. The adoption of stress-tolerant varieties has not reached its potential, predominantly due to the lack of awareness and non-availability of seeds amongst farmers. Strategic and intentional collaborations should be ensured for scaling the sustainable delivery and diffusion of STRVs. A promotional roadmap that ensures the linkages between private and public seed sectors remains the key factor for its successful adoption. Similarly, strengthening of formal, informal and semi-formal seed systems is crucial to accelerate the dissemination of these varieties. There is an imperative need to create strategic plans for the development of varieties possessing multiple stress tolerance. Significant investments for sustainability of rice production in stress prone areas form the essential component of long-term agricultural development. The sooner these investments and strategies are accomplished, the greater the gains are expected.

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Section: Head-to-head Trials As Efficient and Innovate Means Of Demonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

et al. 2021

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“…His experiments, performed before the emergence of genetics as a modern discipline, often escape philosophical and historical attention; however, they belong to “action-guided” approaches reflecting a practical purpose of establishing a cause-effect relationship with the goal of some desirable attainment, e.g., wool with better elasticity. Epistemic or “basic research” experiments, on the other hand, are aimed at providing information on the actual mechanisms involved, thus the cause-effect relationship serves an explanatory or other epistemic purpose [ 103 , 104 ]. The two types of experiments (i.e., practical guidance and epistemic) are complementary and cannot replace each other, even if several parts of a directly action-guiding experiment are related to central topics of science.…”

Section: Festetics’s Laws: a Stepping-stone In Genetic Prehistorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel

Poczai

Santiago‐Blay

2021

Biol Direct

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The knowledge of the history of a subject stimulates understanding. As we study how other people have made scientific breakthroughs, we develop the breadth of imagination that would inspire us to make new discoveries of our own. This perspective certainly applies to the teaching of genetics as hallmarked by the pea experiments of Mendel. Common questions students have in reading Mendel’s paper for the first time is how it compares to other botanical, agricultural, and biological texts from the early and mid-nineteenth centuries; and, more precisely, how Mendel’s approach to, and terminology for debating, topics of heredity compare to those of his contemporaries? Unfortunately, textbooks are often unavailing in answering such questions. It is very common to find an introduction about heredity in genetic textbooks covering Mendel without mentions of preceding breeding experiments carried out in his alma mater. This does not help students to understand how Mendel came to ask the questions he did, why he did, or why he planned his pea studies the way he did. Furthermore, the standard textbook “sketch” of genetics does not allow students to consider how discoveries could have been framed and inspired so differently in various parts of the world within a single historical time. In our review we provide an extended overview bridging this gap by showing how different streams of ideas lead to the eventual foundation of particulate inheritance as a scientific discipline. We close our narrative with investigations on the origins of animal and plant breeding in Central Europe prior to Mendel in Kőszeg and Brno, where vigorous debates touched on basic issues of heredity from the early eighteenth-century eventually reaching a pinnacle coining the basic questions: What is inherited and how is it passed on from one generation to another?

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“…However, it is hard to see that the condition of non-instrumentality is necessary. Consider a farmer experimenting with plant breeding, curious to see whether certain seeds will germinate and develop into plants with desirable characteristics (Hansson, 2019). She is curiousbut instrumentally motivated by a desire to improve the crops needed for the continued existence and well-being of her community.…”

Section: Curiosity As a Virtuementioning

confidence: 99%

1. Food justice, food security, and climate engineering

Kortetmäki

2021

Justice and Food Security in a Changing Climate

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Both the planning of EurSafe2021 and the origin of this book were profoundly influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic, and we are extremely pleased to see that so many contributions still arrived. We would like to thank all authors for sharing their work and insights and all reviewers for their muchappreciated expertise on the vast range of topics. We are grateful for the support and encouragement received from the EurSafe board and Svenja Springer, in preparing this conference despite the challenging circumstances. Our special thanks go to

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Farmers’ experiments and scientific methodology

Cited by 38 publications

References 89 publications

Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel

1. Food justice, food security, and climate engineering

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