“…The eleven participants were similar to the (Saraph et al, 1989, p. 818). Adam et al (1997), Ahire et al (1996), Anderson, Rungtusanatham, Schroeder, and Devaraj (1995), Black and Porter (1996), Crosby (1984), Deming (1986), Douglas and Judge (2001), Feigenbaum (1982), Flynn, Schroeder, and Sakakibara (1994), Garvin (1988), Grandzol and Gershon (1997), Juran (1986), Malcolm Baldrige Award (Criteria for Performance Excellence, 2002), Powell (1995), Rungtusanatham, Forza, Filippini, and Anderson (1998), Samson and Terziovski (1999), Saraph et al (1989), Wilson and Collier (2000) Training…”