Which Citizens Do Elected Officials Target With Distributive Spending? A Survey Experiment on U.S. Municipal Officials

Abstract

Research is mixed as to whether politicians target swing voters or core supporters with distributive spending and whether citizens’ turnout affects this strategy. I use a novel data set and research design to examine this—a survey experiment on elected municipal officials. Respondents indicated which of two neighborhoods to target with a local project. I find that local officials, on average, target swing neighborhoods over core ones because they believe that swing voters are more likely than core voters to electorally punish politicians for targeting other groups. Yet, a large proportion still target core voters but not for reasons consistent with extant theory. Officials generally target high turnout neighborhoods over low turnout ones but under certain conditions are also willing to target lower turnout citizens. These findings point to the need for ongoing work to identify the conditions under which officials will target core or swing voters.

Do Free Food and Beverages Bring People to the Political Meeting? The Survey Experiment of Attendance-Buying

“…The survey experiment is an increasingly used method based on individual data and is used not only in political science but also in other scientific disciplines (Butler, 2020; Dynes, 2020; Franco et al, 2015; Heinzel and Liese, 2021; Zampetakis and Melas, 2021). In the Czech environment, however, survey experiments have not been conducted, which may be related to the complexity and cost of their implementation.…”