Which battery model to use?

Abstract

The use of mobile devices like cell phones, navigation systems, or laptop computers, is limited by the lifetime of the included batteries. This lifetime depends naturally on the rate at which energy is consumed, however, it also depends on the usage pattern of the battery. Continuous drawing of a high current results in an excessive drop of residual capacity. However, during intervals with no or very small currents, batteries do recover to a certain extent. The usage pattern of a device can be well modeled with stochastic workload models. However, one still needs a battery model to describe the effects of the power consumption on the state of the battery. Over the years many different types of battery models have been developed for different application areas. In this paper we give a detailed analysis of two well-known analytical models, the kinetic battery model and the so-called diffusion model. We show that the kinetic battery model is actually an approximation of the more complex diffusion model; this was not known previously. Furthermore, we tested the suitability of these models for performance evaluation purposes, and found that both models are well suited for doing battery lifetime predictions. However, one should not draw conclusions on what is the best usage pattern based on only a few workload traces. 2 Battery models In this section we give a short introduction to the essential battery properties which need to be modeled to obtain an accurate battery model. Furthermore, short descriptions of the electrochemical, electrical circuit and stochastic battery models are given. Although these models give a good description of the battery, they are not that well suited to be used for performance modelling. The two analytical models described in Section 3 are better suited for this purpose. These models are described in more detail.

Model-Based Remaining Driving Range Prediction in Electric Vehicles by using Particle Filtering and Markov Chains

“…Furthermore, the combined model demands low computational effort, which makes it suitable for real-time applications. Even though the KiBaM was initially developed for lead acid batteries, it has shown to be suitable for modeling the capacity behavior of Li-ion cells [6].…”

A cyber-physical systems perspective on decentralized energy management

“…optimization. Further adoptions of this component are required for non-ideal buffers such as the models presented in [69] and [81]. For feasibility, constraints for E SoC Buf must be satisfied too, thus the real power consumption P Buf = [P Buf ,P Buf ] is limited:…”

A comprehensive model for battery State of Charge prediction

“…This measurement was compared to a simulation of the behavior of a lead acid battery under the same conditions using the proposed model. The behavior of the battery was also simulated using the well established kinetic battery model (KiBaM), first proposed by Manwell and McGowan [7] and clearly explained by Jongerden and Haverkort [5]. The KiBaM model represents a battery as two communicating wells of charge, the bigger of the two wells can fill the smaller one, while the smaller well can be discharged.…”

“…To accurately simulate the energy usage in a grid, accurate models are needed for all devices connected to the grid. There are many models available that describe the behavior of batteries [4], [5]. Some of the models, like the Dualfoil model [6] and the kinetic battery model (KiBaM) [7] are applicable for only one type of battery.…”