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Norris, Robert S.; Arkin, William M.; Burr, William H.

doi:10.1080/00963402.1999.11460389

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The US also introduced nuclear arsenals into South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Guam, in addition to Okinawa. The number of the US nuclear weapons deployed to the Asia Pacific region totaled more than 3200 at peak, which means Okinawa took the lion's share of the arsenals introduced (Norris, Arkin, and Burr, 2018).…”

Section: Deployment Of Tactical Nukes In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In March 1955, when asked by foreign reporters about the acceptability of a potential US request to store nuclear weapons in Japan, Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama responded in a surprisingly positive tone. "If we justify 'peace through strength,' we Norris, Arkin, and Burr (2018). 12 As the second best choice, the US military decided to deploy only non-nuclear components at the US bases in Japan instead of storing complete nuclear bombs.…”

Section: Strategic Thinking Of Japanese Conservative Elitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual Twist of Japanese Nuclear Policy: Its Ambivalence and Coherence Under the US Umbrella

Ota¹

2018

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament

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Despite its anti-nuclear weapon declaratory-policy, "Three Non-Nuclear Principles," Japan has enjoyed the protection of the nuclear umbrella provided by the United States for more than 60 years. This bilateral nuclear arrangement has established and cherished a strong bond between the two nations, which the author calls "the US-Japan Nuclear Alliance." This unique politico-military alliance, backed by US nuclear forces, has brought about a "conceptual twist" of Japanese security policy related to nuclear weapons. The twist can be analyzed in terms of two characteristic elements: ambivalence and coherence. This twist is a result of several factors, including Japan's unprecedented experience of the humanitarian consequences of the use of nuclear weapons, Japan's anti-nuclear public sentiment, the Japanese security policy discourse delineated by Cold War strategies of the US, and Tokyo's acceptance of the US nuclear umbrella. These factors have forced Japanese conservative governments, including the current Abe administration, to perform Nuclear Kabuki Play resulting from the ambivalence and coherence that characterize Japan's security policy. Abe's opposition to a No First Use (NFU) policy and Japan's calibrated approach to the newly adopted nuclear weapon ban treaty are closely associated with Japanese ambivalence and coherence toward nuclear weapons and related security issues. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Deployment Of Tactical Nukes In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategic Thinking Of Japanese Conservative Elitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Twist of Japanese Nuclear Policy: Its Ambivalence and Coherence Under the US Umbrella

Ota¹

2018

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament

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“…8. For US nuclear weapons deployments in the period of 1951-1977, see Norris, Arkin, and Burr (1999) and Norris, Arkin, and Burr (2000). 9.…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide deployments of nuclear weapons, 2017

Kristensen¹,

Norris²

2017

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

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The authors estimate that as of mid-2017, there are nearly 15,000 nuclear weapons in the world, located at some 107 sites in 14 countries. Roughly, 9400 of these weapons are in military arsenals; the remaining weapons are retired and awaiting dismantlement. Nearly 4000 are operationally available, and some 1800 are on high alert and ready for use on short notice. This article reviews the locations of nuclear weapons in all nine nuclear-armed states, as well as those of US weapons deployed outside the United States.

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“…40 These were for instance bomb casings and other components that had to be stored separately from the nuclear 'capsule,' i.e., the core containing uranium or plutonium (Norris et al 1999). 41 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles issued this view first in 1956(quoted in Kaufman 1999:41f;see also Spectorand Smith 1990;Dingman 1988/89;Hayes 1990:15;Foot 1988/89).…”

Section: Beyond the Peninsulamentioning

confidence: 99%

To Go or Not to Go: South and North Korea's Nuclear Decisions in Comparative Context

Hymans

Kim²,

Riecke³

2001

Journal of East Asian Studies

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Ever since the destruction of Hiroshima in 1945, states all over the world have been faced with the issue of whether or not to acquire the ‘absolute weapon’ for themselves. The question of ‘going nuclear’ has been especially acute on the Korean peninsula, with its history of conflict, division and great power meddling. Has any one of the two Koreas, or both, ever attempted to acquire nuclear weapons? Did either of them decide to abandon that quest? If so, when and why? These are the questions that motivate this paper.

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Where they were

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Conceptual Twist of Japanese Nuclear Policy: Its Ambivalence and Coherence Under the US Umbrella

Conceptual Twist of Japanese Nuclear Policy: Its Ambivalence and Coherence Under the US Umbrella

Worldwide deployments of nuclear weapons, 2017

To Go or Not to Go: South and North Korea's Nuclear Decisions in Comparative Context

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