Where Are We in the Economics of Gender?: The Gender Pay Gap

Blau, Francine D.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1216

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…England, 1992). We believe that the main explanation for this di¡erence is that in the Netherlands, compared to the United States, wages are compressed at the bottom (Blau, 1996). Because levels of (occupational) wage inequality are much smaller in the Netherlands than in the United States, the e¡ect of occupational sex composition on wages one ¢nds is also (much) smaller.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, because levels of (occupational) wage inequality are relatively small in the Netherlands (especially compared to the United Kingdom and the United States, see e.g. Blau, 1996), the Dutch situation is an interesting case. The Netherlands is often characterized as a conservative welfare state that favours women's economic dependence on their husbands and stimulates their part-time employment (Dulk, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Ruijter¹,

Doorne‐Huiskes²,

Schippers³

2003

European Sociological Review

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Research from the United States consistently shows that female-dominated occupations generally yield lower wages than male-dominated occupations. Using detailed occupational data, this study analyses the size and causes of this occupational gender wage-gap in the Dutch labour market using multi-level modelling techniques.The analyses show that both men and women earn lower wages if they are employed in female-dominated occupations. This especially indicates the signi¢cance of gender in Western labour markets, since overall levels of wage inequality are relatively small in the Netherlands compared to, for example, the United Kingdom and the United States. Di¡erences in required responsibility are particularly important in accounting for this occupational wage-gap. Nonetheless, we ¢nd large wage penalties for working in a female-dominated instead of a maledominated occupation for occupations that require high levels of education, skills, and responsibility.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Ruijter¹,

Doorne‐Huiskes²,

Schippers³

2003

European Sociological Review

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“…By making male workers more insecure, women have more opportunities to compete with men, resulting in relatively high female labor force participation and relatively low gender wage gaps. In stronger welfare states, by contrast, although wage compression reduces the gender wage gap by raising the wage floor on service sector jobs occupied disproportionately by women (Blau and Kahn 1996), wage compression and other forms of worker protection also reduce job opportunities for women. Employers who face legal obstacles to dismissing workers have an incentive to invest in the human capital of these workers.…”

Section: The Key To Scandinavian Exceptionalism: the Welfare State Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare Works: Explaining Female Legislative Representation

2006

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This study aims to advance our understanding of why women are underrepresented in legislatures around the world, and what accounts for the wide variation over time and across countries. Scholars generally agree on many of the favorable conditions for women to enter parliament, including, inter alia, proportional representation, leftism in government, and female employment. However, the mechanisms that link women's seat shares to the supposed explanatory factors are still poorly understood. In this study, we argue that the key link resides in welfare state policies that 1) free women to enter the paid workforce, 2) provide public sector jobs that disproportionately employ women, and 3) change the political interests of working women enough to create an ideological gender gap. The emergence of this gender gap, in turn, creates incentives for parties to compete for the female vote, and one way that they do so is to include more and more women in their parliamentary delegations. We are grateful to Natsu Matsuda for capable research assistance, to Torben Iversen for sharing data, and to Ethan Scheiner and Bing Powell for helpful comments as discussant for this paper at a panel at the 2004 American Political Science Association meetings in Chicago. Thies also acknowledges the support of a grant from the UCLA Academic Senate's Committee on Research.

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“…Aunque éste no es un factor ligado al género, la estructura salarial puede tener infl uencia sobre los diferenciales salariales entre hombres y mujeres, vía dos mecanismos, como lo plantea Blau (1996). Por un lado, el vector de precios (remuneración ante las características observables) puede acentuar o disminuir los diferenciales salariales por género, en la medida que se valoren de forma diferente variables que están distribuidas de forma desigual entre hombres y mujeres.…”

Section: Estructura Salarialunclassified

Determinantes del diferencial salarial por género en Colombia, 1997-2003

Pilar¹

2006

Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad

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This work explores the determinants of the gender wage gap in Colombia for the period 1997-2003, using data from the Living Standards Survey (ECV). The estimations are done using quantile regression, in order to analyze the determinants at various points of the wage distribution and not only at the mean, as has been done by previous works. Based on regressions for income equations, a decomposition of the wage gap is performed. The results suggest that the gap is not explained by differences in the productive abilities of men and women, but by differences in their payment. Thus, the traditional methods employed to ameliorate the situation, such as placement laws would not be effective if they are not accompanied by comprehensive wage schemes based on achievements. Wage scales exist in Colombia's public sector and they have proved to be an effective way of diminish the gender differences in pay.

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Where Are We in the Economics of Gender?: The Gender Pay Gap

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Welfare Works: Explaining Female Legislative Representation

Determinantes del diferencial salarial por género en Colombia, 1997-2003

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