Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Ruijter, Judith M.P de; Doorne‐Huiskes, Anneke van; Schippers, Joop

doi:10.1093/esr/19.4.345

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Given that panel data with sufficiently observed potential confounders of fields' sex ratio remain unavailable, cross sectional studies of differences between academic fields or occupations continue to offer valuable insights (de Ruijter et al, 2003;Magnusson, 2009;Grönlund and Magnusson, 2013). Bobbitt-Zeher (2007) and Leuze and Strauß (2012) link horizontal sex segregation in higher education to devaluation theory with regards to the nonacademic labor market and find an association between sex composition and earnings.…”

Section: Valuative Discrimination: Sex Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Women's Fields of Study Pay Less? A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory

Ochsenfeld¹

2017

Preprint

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As men are overrepresented in lucrative fields and women disproportionately graduate from disciplines that yield low wages in the labor market, horizontal sex segregation in higher education contributes significantly to economic gender inequality. But what underlies the association between sex composition and wages in fields of study? We draw on data from the German HIS Graduate Panel Study 1997 (N=4092) and use hierarchical linear models to adjudicate between devaluation theory and explanations based on differential sorting processes: human capital and gender role theory. The resulting evidence for both human capital and devaluation theory is scant. Consistent with gender role theory, differences in the attractiveness of fields to students with a careerist approach to higher education and the labor market in turn explain most of the association between field of studies’ sex composition and wage levels. We therefore conclude that gendered patterns of self-selection which derive from men’s socialization into the breadwinner role rather than valuative discrimination or rational anticipation of career interruptions underlie the association between fields’ sex composition and wage levels.

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Section: Valuative Discrimination: Sex Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Women's Fields of Study Pay Less? A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory

Ochsenfeld¹

2017

Preprint

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“…While the influence of occupational feminization on earnings has been repeatedly studied for the U.S., only a handful of quantitative studies exists for Europe (de Ruijter et al 2003 for the Netherlands; Grönlund and Magnusson 2013 for Sweden; Perales 2013 for Britain; Polavieja 2008 for Spain). Our study's comparative design allows us to test whether occupational feminization affects wages similarly across countrieswhich is uncertain given that the institutional context in which women establish their careers in male-dominated occupations differs strongly across Europe (LeFeuvre 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feminization of Occupations and Change in Wages: A Panel Analysis of Britain, Germany, and Switzerland

Murphy

Oesch

2015

Social Forces

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW BerlinThis series presents research findings based either directly on data from the German SocioEconomic Panel study (SOEP) or using SOEP data as part of an internationally comparable data set (e.g. CNEF, ECHP, LIS, LWS, CHER/PACO). SOEP is a truly multidisciplinary household panel study covering a wide range of social and behavioral sciences: economics, sociology, psychology, survey methodology, econometrics and applied statistics, educational science, political science, public health, behavioral genetics, demography, geography, and sport science.The decision to publish a submission in SOEPpapers is made by a board of editors chosen by the DIW Berlin to represent the wide range of disciplines covered by SOEP. There is no external referee process and papers are either accepted or rejected without revision. Papers appear in this series as works in progress and may also appear elsewhere. They often represent preliminary studies and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be requested from the author directly.Any opinions expressed in this series are those of the author(s) and not those of DIW Berlin.Research disseminated by DIW Berlin may include views on public policy issues, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. AbstractIn the last four decades, women have made major inroads into occupations previously dominated by men. This paper examines whether occupational feminization is accompanied by a decline in wages: Do workers suffer a wage penalty if they remain in, or move into, feminizing occupations? We analzye this question over the 1990s and 2000s in Britain, Germany and Switzerland, using longitudinal panel data to estimate individual fixed effects for men and women. Moving from an entirely male to an entirely female occupation entails a loss in individual earnings of twelve percent in Britain, six percent in Switzerland and three percent in Germany. The impact of occupational feminization on wages is not linear, but sets apart occupations holding less than 50 percent of women from those with more than 60 percent of women. Only moving into the latter incurs a wage penalty. Contrary to the prevailing idea in economics, differences in productivity -human capital, job-specific skill requirements and time investment -do not fully explain the wage gap b...

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“…The gender stereotypical labour division of the male breadwinner household has developed into the one-and-half earner household in which women continue to bear the prime responsibility for childcare and housework, and men for the provision of income (Den Dulk, 2001). Consequences are not only an income gap between men and women, but also a gender imbalance with regard to secure and long-term jobs, and representation at levels of governmental, judicial, and economic decision making (Reskin, 1993;de Ruijter et al, 2003). With its comparatively large gender gap in work hours, the Netherlands can be regarded as the prototypical example of the part-time divide in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just Like Mom? The Intergenerational Reproduction of Women's Paid Work

Putten¹,

Dykstra²,

Schippers³

2008

European Sociological Review

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Given the increasing female labour force participation rates in recent decades, the question arises as to whether the daughters of working mothers show different job patterns than the daughters of homemakers. Using data from a sample of 3,169 adult women in the 2002-2004 wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study, we find that women who were raised by a working mother work about two more hours per week than those raised by a homemaking mother. The likelihood that women are currently in the labour market is not affected by their mother's past labour force participation. Women's own educational achievement and the presence of children younger than 12 are the strongest determinants of their participation and work hours. Our findings add to the growing evidence that parental behaviours during childhood have long-reaching consequences for children's behaviours, also in the realm of paid work. This provides a useful explanation for the persisting gender gap in work hours across Europe, in addition to the conventional explanations of education, occupational history and family formation.

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Size and Causes of the Occupational Gender Wage-gap in the Netherlands

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Why Do Women's Fields of Study Pay Less? A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory

Why Do Women's Fields of Study Pay Less? A Test of Devaluation, Human Capital, and Gender Role Theory

The Feminization of Occupations and Change in Wages: A Panel Analysis of Britain, Germany, and Switzerland

Just Like Mom? The Intergenerational Reproduction of Women's Paid Work

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